Index

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J& nbsp; K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Z 

---

Symbols

% (percent) used with LIKE operator, 6.16

+ (plus sign)

in Automat ic Storage management filenames, 8

---

Numerics

20th century, 2.4.2.4< /a>

21st century, 2.4.2.4

---

A

ABORT LOGICAL STANDBY clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

ABS function, 7.2

ACCESSED GLOBALLY clause

of CREATE CONTEXT, 14

ACCOUNT LO CK clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER, 17

ACCOUNT UNLOCK clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER, 17

ACOS function, 7.3

ACTIVATE ST ANDBY DATABASE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

active session history, 11

ACTI VE_INSTANCE_COUNT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

AD datetime format element, 2.4 .2.2, 2.4.2.2

ADD clause

of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2

of ALTER INDEXTYPE, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of ALTER VIEW, 13

ADD DATAFILE clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

ADD LOGFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10. 2

ADD LOGFILE GROUP clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

ADD LOGFILE MEMBER clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

ADD LOGFILE THREAD clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

ADD OVERFL OW clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

ADD PARTITION clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12, 12

ADD PRIMARY KEY clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

ADD ROWID clause

of ALTER MAT ERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG G ROUP clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

ADD TEMPFILE clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

ADD VALUES clause

of ALTER TABLE .. . MODIFY PARTITION, 12

ADD_MONTHS function, 7.4

adding a constraint, 12

ADMINISTER ANY SQL TUNING SET system privilege, 18

A DMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER system privilege, 18

ADMINISTER SQL TUN ING SET system privilege, 18

ADVISE clause

of ALTER SESSION, 11

ADVISOR syste m privilege, 18

AFTER clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

AFTER triggers, 16

AGENT clause

of CREATE LIBRA RY, 15

aggregate functions, 7.1.2

user-defined, creating, 14< /a>

alias

for a column, 9.2

for an expressions in a view query, 17

specifying in queries and subqueries, 19

ALL cla use

of SELECT, 19

of SET CONSTRAINTS, 19

of SET ROLE, 19

ALL EXCEPT clause

of SET ROLE, 19

ALL operator, 6.2

ALL PRIVILEGES clause

of GRANT, 18

of REVOKE, 18

ALL P RIVILEGES shortcut

of AUDIT, 13

ALL shortcut

of AUDIT, 13< /a>

ALL_COL_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

ALL_INDEXTYPE_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

ALL_MV IEW_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

ALL_OPERATOR_COMMENTS data d ictionary view, 13

ALL_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

ALLOCATE EXTENT clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2, 10.2

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

ALLOW CORRUPTION clause

of ALTER DATABASE ... RECOVER, 10.2

ALTER ANY CLUSTER system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY DIMENSION system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY INDEX system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY I NDEXTYPE system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system p rivilege, 18

ALTER ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY OUTLINE system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY ROLE system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY SEQUENCE system pr ivilege, 18

ALTER ANY SQL PROFILE system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY TABLE system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY TRIGGER system privilege, 18

ALTER ANY TYPE system privilege, 18

ALTER CLUSTER statement, 10.2

ALTER DATABASE statement, 10.2

ALTER DATABASE system privilege, 18

ALTER DIMENSION statement, 10.2

ALTER DISKGROUP statement, 10.2

ALTER FUNCTION statement, 10.2

ALTER INDEX statement, 10.2

ALTER INDEXTYPE statement, 10.2

ALTER JAVA CLASS statement, 10.2

ALTER JAVA SOURCE statement, 10. 2

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG statement, 11

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW statement, 11

ALTER object privilege, 18

on a sequence, 18

on a table, 18

ALTER OPERATOR statement, 11

ALTER OUTLINE statement, 11

ALTER PACKAGE statement, 11

ALTER PROCEDURE statement, 11

ALTER PROFIL E statement, 11

ALTER PROFILE system privilege, 18

ALTER RESOURCE COST statement, 11

ALTER RESOURCE COST system privilege, 18

ALTER ROLE statement, 11

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 11

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT system privilege, 18

ALTER SEQUENCE statement, 11

A LTER SESSION statement, 11

ALTER SESSION system privilege, 18

ALTER SNAPSHOT LOG. See ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG

ALTER SNAPSHOT. See ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW

ALTER statements

triggers on, 16

ALTER SYSTEM statement, 11

ALTER SYSTEM system privilege, 18

ALTER TABLE statement, 12

A LTER TABLESPACE statement, 12

ALTER TABLESPACE system privilege, < a href="statements_9013.htm#sthref6763">18

ALTER TRIGGER statement, 13

ALTER TYPE statement, 13

ALTER USER statement, 13

ALTER USER system privilege, 18

ALTER VIEW statement, 13

alter_external_table_clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

AM datetime format element, 2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.2

American National Standards Institute (ANSI), B

datatypes, 2.1.2

conversion to Oracle datatypes, 2.1.2

standards, 1.2, 1.2, B.1

supported datatypes, 2.1

analytic functions, 7.1.3

AVG, 7.10

CORR, 7.24

COUNT, 7.28

COVAR_POP, 7.29

COVAR_SAMP, 7.30

CUME_DIS T, 7.31

DENSE_RANK, 7.38

FIRST, 7.48

FIRST_VALUE, 7.49

inverse distribution, 7.100, 7$101

LAG, 7.60

LAST, 7.61

LAST_VALUE, 7.63

LEAD, 7.64

linear regression, 7.117

MAX, 7.75

MIN, 7.77

NTILE, 7.91

OVER clause, 7.1.3

PERCENT_CONT, 7.100

PERCENT_DISC, 7$101

PERCENT_R ANK, 7.99

RANK, 7.108

RATIO_TO_REPORT, 7.109

ROW_NUMBER, 7.122

STDDEV, 7.144

ST DDEV_POP, 7.145

STDDEV_SAMP, 7. 146

SUM, 7.148

syntax, 7.1.3

user-defined, 14

VAR_POP, 7.195

VAR_SAMP, 7.196

VARIANCE, 7.197

ANALYZE ANY syst em privilege, 18

ANALYZE CLUSTER statement, 13

ANALYZE INDEX statement, 13

ANALYZE TABLE statement, 13

ANCILLARY TO clause

of CREATE OPERATOR, 15

AND condition, 6.4, 6.4

AND DATAFILES clause

of DROP TABLESPACE, 18

ANSI. See American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

antijoins, 9.6.7

ANY operator, 6.2

application servers

allowing connection as user, 13

applications

allowing connection as user, 13

securing, 14

validating, 14

AQ_ADMINISTRAT OR_ROLE role, 18

AQ_TM_PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

AQ_USER_ROLE role, 18

ARCHIVE LOG clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

archi ve logs

applying to standby database, 10.2< /dd>

archive mode

specifying, 14

ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

archived redo logs

location, 10.2

ARCHIVELOG clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2 , 10.2

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

arguments

of operators, 4

arithmetic

operators, 4.2

with DATE values, 2.1.1.15

AS clause

of CREATE JAVA, 14

AS EXTERNAL clause

of CREATE FUNCTION, 15

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17

AS OBJECT cla use

of CREATE TYPE, 17

AS subquery clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

of CREATE TABLE, 16

of C REATE VIEW, 17

AS TABLE clause

of CREATE TYPE, 17

AS VARRAY clause< /dd>

of CREATE TYPE, 17

ASC clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14

ASCII

character set, 2.2.4

ASCII function, 7.5

ASCIIS TR function, 7.6

ASIN function, 7.7

ASSOCIATE STATISTICS statement, 13

ATAN function, 7.8

ATAN2 function, 7.9

ATTRIBUTE clause

of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2

of CREATE DIMENSION, 14, 14

attributes

addin g to a dimension, 10.2

dropping from a dimension, 10.2

maximum number of in object type, 16

of dimensions, defining, 14

of user-def ined types

mapping to Java fields, 17

< /dl>

AUDIT ANY system privilege, 18

AUDIT SYSTEM system privilege, 18

AUDIT_FILE_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

AUDIT_SYS_OPERATIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

auditing

options

for SQL statements, 13

policies

value-based, 13

SQL statements, 13

by a proxy, 13

by a user, 13

SQL stateme nts, on a directory, 13

SQL statements, on a schema, 13

SQL statements, stopping, 18

system privileges, 13

AUTHENTICATED BY clause

of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14

< /dl>

AUTHENTICATED clause

of ALTER USER, 13

AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED clause

of ALTER USER, 13

AUTHID CURRENT_USER clause

of ALTER JAVA, 10.2

of CREATE FUNC TION, 14, 14

of CREAT E JAVA, 14, 14

of CRE ATE PACKAGE, 15

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15

of CREATE TYPE, 13, 17

AUTHID DEFINER clause

of ALTER JAVA , 10.2

of CREATE FUNCTION, 14, 14

of CREATE JAVA, 14, 14

of CREATE PACKAGE, 15

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15

of C REATE TYPE, 13, 17

AUTOALLOCATE clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

AUTOEXTEND clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor

collecting statistic s for, 11

automatic segment-space management, 16

Automatic Undo Management mode, 11, 14

AVG function, 7.1 0

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B

BACKGROUND_CORE_DUMP initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

BACKUP ANY TABLE system privilege, 18

BACKUP CONTROLFILE cl ause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

BACKUP_TAPE_IO_SLAVES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

backups

incremental

and block change trac king, 10.2

BC datetime format element, 2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.2

BEFORE clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

BEFORE triggers, 16

BEGIN BACKUP clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

of ALTER TA BLESPACE, 12

beginning backup of, 10.2

BFILE

datatype, 2.1.1.19

locators, 2.1.1.19

BFILENAME function, 7.11

BIN_TO_NUM function, 7.12

binary large objects. See BLOB

binary ope rators, 4.1.1

BINDING clause

of CREATE OPERATOR, 15

bindings

adding to an operator, 11

dropping from a n operator, 11

bit vectors

< dd class="l2ix">converting to numbers, 7.12

BITAND function , 7.13

BITMAP clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14

bitmap indexes, 14

creating join indexes, 14

BITMAP_MERGE_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

blank padding

specifying in format models, 2.4.3

suppressing, 2.4.3

BLANK_TRIMMING initialization paramet er

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< /dd>

blank-padded comparison semantics, 2.2.4

BLOB datatype, 2.1.1.20

transactional support, < a href="sql_elements001.htm#sthref189">2.1.1.20

BLOCKSIZE clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

bottom-N reporting , 7.38, 7.108, 7.122

buffer cache

flushing, 11

BUFFER_POOL parameter

of STORAGE clau se, 8

BUILD DEFERRED clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

BUILD IMMEDI ATE clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15< /dd>

BY ACCESS clause

of AUDIT, 13

BY proxy clause

of AUDIT, 13

BY SESSION clause

o f AUDIT, 13

BY user clause

< dd class="l2ix">of AUDIT, 13

BYTE character semantics, < a href="sql_elements001.htm#sthref58">2.1.1.1, 2.1.1.3

BYTE leng th semantics, 12

---

C

C clause

of CREATE TYP E, 17

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17

C method

mapping to an object type, 17

CACHE clause

of ALT ER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 16

of CREATE CLUSTER, 14

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, < a href="statements_6002.htm#sthref5028">15

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

CACHE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

CACHE READS clause

of ALT ER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16

cached cursors

execution plan for, 18

CALL clause

of CR EATE TRIGGER, 16

CALL procedure statement

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

cal l spec. See call specifications

call specifications

in pr ocedures, 15

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15

of CREATE TYPE, 17

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17

CALL statement, 13

calls

limiting CPU time for, 15

limiting data blocks read, 15

CARDINALITY function, 7.14

Cartesian pr oducts, 9.6.4

CASCADE clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

of DROP PROFILE, 17

of DROP USER, 18

CASCADE CONSTRAINTS clause

of DROP CLUSTER, 17

of DROP TABLE, 18

of DROP TABLESPAC E, 18

of DROP VIEW, 18

of REVOKE, 18, 18

CASE expressions, 5.4

searched, 5.4

simple, 5.4

CAST function, 7.15

MULTISET parameter, 7.15

CATSEARCH condition , 4.1, 6.1

CEIL function, 7.16

chained rows

listing, 13

of clusters, 13

CHANGE CATEGORY clause

of ALTER OUTLINE, 11

CHAR character semantics, 2.1. 1.1, 2.1.1.3

CHAR datatype, 2.1.1.1

converting to VARCHAR2, 2.4.1

CHAR length semantics, 12

charact er functions, 7.1.1.2, 7.1.1.3

character large objects. See CLOB

character length semantics, 12

character literal. See text

character set

changing, 10.2

CHARACTER SET paramete r

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

character sets

< dl class="l2ix">

common, 2.2.4

database, specifyin g, 14

multibyte characters, 2.8.1

specifying for database, 14

character strings

comparison rules, 2.2.3< /a>

exact matching, 2.4.3

fixed-length, 2.1.1.1

national character set, 2. 1.1.2

variable length, 2.1.1.4

variable-le ngth, 2.1.1.8

zero-length, 2 .1.1.1

characters

single, comparison rules, 2.2.4

CHARTOROWID function, 7.17

CHECK clause

of constraints, 8

of CREATE TABLE, 16

check constraints, 8

CHECK DATAFILES clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

CHECKPOINT clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

checkpoints

forcing, 11

CHR function, 7.18

CHUNK clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16

CIRCUITS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

CLEAR LOGFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

CLOB datatype, 2.1.1.21

transactional support, 2.1. 1.21

clone databases

mounting, 10.2

CLOSE DATABASE LINK clause

of ALTER SESSION, 11

CLUSTER clause

of ANALYZE, 13

of CREATE INDEX, 14

of CREATE TABLE, 16

of TRUNCATE, 19

CLUSTER_DATABASE initial ization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

CLUSTER_DATABASE_INSTANCES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

CLUSTER_INTERCONNECTS ini tialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

clusters

assigning tables to, 16

caching retrieved blocks, 14

< dd class="l2ix">cluster indexes, 14

collecting statistics on, 13

creating, 14, 14

deallocating unused extents, 1 0.2

degree of parallelism

changing, 10.2, 10.2

when creating, 14

dropping tables, 17

extents, allocating, 10.2, 10.2

granting system privileges for, 18

hash, < a href="statements_5001.htm#sthref4462">14

single-table, 14

sorted, 14, 16

indexed, 14

key val ues

allocating space for, 14

modifying space for, 10.2

migrated and chained r ows in, 13, 13

modify ing, 10.2

physical attributes

changing, 10.2

specifying, 14

releasing unused space, 10.2

removing from the database, 17

SQL examples, 17

storage attributes

changin g, 10.2

storage characteristics, changing, 10.2

tablespace in which created, 14

validating structure, 13

COALES CE clause

for partitions, 12

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12, 12

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

COALESCE function, 7.19

as a variety of CASE expression, 7.19

COALESCE SUBPARTITION clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

COLLECT function, 7.20

collection types

multilev el, 16

collections

inserting rows into, 18

modifying, 12

modifying retrieval method, 12

nested tables, 2.1.3.4

testing for empty, 6.13

treating as a table, 18, 19, 19, 19

unnesting, 19

examples, 19

varrays, 2.1.3.3

collection-typed values

converting to datatypes, 7.15

column REF constraints, 8

of CREATE TABLE, 16< /a>

columns

adding, 12

aliases for, 9.2

altering storage, 12

associating statistics with, 13

basing an index on, 14

collectin g statistics on, 13

comments on, 13

creating comments about, 13

d efining, 16

dropping from a table, 12

LOB

storage attributes, 12

maximum number of, 16

modifying existing, 12

parent-child relationships betwe en, 14

properties, altering, 12, 12

qualifying names of, 9.2

REF

describing, 8

renaming, 12

restricting val ues for, 8

specifying as primary key, 8

specifying constraints on, 16

speci fying default values, 16

storage properties, 16

substitutable, identifying type, 7.154

COLUMNS clause

of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 13, 13

COMMENT ANY TABLE syste m privilege, 18

COMMENT clause

of COMMIT, 13

COMMENT statement, 13

comments, 2.6

adding to objects, 13

associating with a transaction, 13

dropping from objects, 13

in SQL statements, 2.6.1

on indextypes, 13

on operators, 13

on schema objects, 2.6.2

on table columns, 13

on tables, 13

removing from the data dictionary, 13

specifying, 2.6.1

viewing, 13

commit

automatic, 13

COMMIT IN PROCEDURE clause

of ALT ER SESSION, 11

COMMIT statement, 13

COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER clause

of ALTER DATA BASE, 10.2

COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH initialization paramete r

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

comparison conditions, 6.2

comparison functions< /dd>

MAP, 17, 17

ORDER, 17, 17

comparison semantics

blank-padded, 2.2.4

nonpadded, 2.2.3

of character strings, 2.2.3

COMPATIBLE initializa tion parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

COMPILE clause

of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2

of ALTER FUNCTION, 10.2

of ALTER JAVA SOURCE, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER PROCEDURE, 11

of ALTER TRIGGER, 13

of ALTER TYPE, 13

of ALTER VIEW, 13

of CREATE JAVA, 14

compiler switches< /dd>

dropping and preserving, 10.2, 11, 13, 13

COMPOSE function, 7.21

composite for eign keys, 8

composite partitioning

range-list, 12, 16

when creating a table, 16, 16

< /dl>

composite primary keys, 8

COMPOSITE_LIMIT pa rameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

compound conditions, 6.7

compound expressions, 5.3

COMPRESS clause

of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2

of CREATE TABLE, 16

compression

of index keys, 10.2

COMPUTE STATISTICS clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ANALYZE, 13

of CREATE INDEX, 14

CONCAT function, 7.22

concatenation operator, 4.3

conditions

comparison, 6.2

compound, 6.7

EXISTS, 6.8, 6.9

floating-point, 6.3

group comparison, 6.2.2

IN, 6.10

in SQL syntax, 6

IS [NOT] EMPTY, 6.13

IS ANY, 6.12

IS OF type, 6.14

IS PRESENT, 6.15

LIKE, 6.16

logical, 6.4

MEMBER, 6.17

membership, 6.10, 6. 17

null, 6.6

range, 6.5

SET, 6.11

simple compari son, 6.2.1

SUBMULTISET, 6.19

UNDER_PATH, 6.20

CONNECT BY claus e

of queries and subqueries, 19

of SELECT, 9.3, 19

< dd class="l1ix">CONNECT clause

of SELECT and subqueries, 19

CONNECT role, 18

CONNECT THROUGH clause

of ALTER USER, 13

CONNECT TO clause

of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14

CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudocolumns, 3.1.1

CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF pseudocolumns, 3.1.2

CONNECT_BY_ROOT operator, 4.4.2

CONNECT_TIME parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 11

CONSIDER FRESH clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

constant values. See literals

CONSTRAINT(S) session parameter, 11

constraints

adding to a table, 12

altering, 12

check, 8

checking

at end of transaction, 8

at start of transaction, 8

at the end of each DML statement, 8

column REF, 8

deferrable, 8, 19

enforcing, 11

defining, 8, 16

for a table, 16

on a column, 16

disabling, 16

cascading, 16

disabling after table creation, 12

< dd class="l2ix">disabling during table creation, 16

dropping, 12, 12, 18

enabling, 16, 16

enabling after table creation, 12

enabl ing during table creation, 16

foreign key, 8

modifying existing, 12

on views

dropping, 13, 18

modifying, 13

primary key, 8

attributes of index, 8

enabling, 16

referential integrity, 8

renaming, 12

restrictions, 8

settin g state for a transaction, 19

storing rows in violation, 12

table REF, 8

unique

attributes of index, 8

enabling, 16

constructor methods

and object types, 17

constructors

defining for an object type, 17

user-defined, 17

CONTAINS c ondition, 4.1, 6.1

context n amespaces

accessible to instance, 14

< dd class="l2ix">associating with package, 14

initializing using OC I, 14

initializing using the LDAP directory, 14

removing from the database, 17

contexts

creating namespaces for, 14

granting system privileges for, 18

control files

allowing reuse, 14, 14

backing up, 10.2

force logging mode, 14

re-creating, 14

CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization paramet er

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< /dd>

CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

controlfile clauses

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

CONTROLFILE REUSE cl ause

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

controlfiles

standby, creating, 10.2

conversion

functions, 7.1.1.5

rules, string to date, 2.4.4

CONVERT clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

CONVERT function, 7.23

CORE_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

CORR function, 7.24

CORR_K function, 7.25.2

CORR_S function, 7.25.1

correlated subqueries, 9.7

correlation functions

Kendall's tau-b, 7.25

Pearson's, 7.24

Spearman's rho, 7.25

correlation names

for base tables of indexes, 14

in DELETE, 17

in SELECT, 19

COS function, 7.26

COSH function, 7.27

COUNT function, 7.28

COVAR _POP function, 7.29

COVAR_SAMP function, 7.30

CPU_COUNT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

CPU_PER_CALL parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of CREATE PROFI LE, 15

CPU_PER_SESSION parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 11

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

CREATE ANY CLUSTER system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY CONTEXT system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY DIME NSION system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY DIRECTORY system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY INDEX system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY JOB system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY L IBRARY system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW system pr ivilege, 18

CREATE ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY OUTLINE system privilege, 1 8

CREATE ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY SQL PROFIL E system privilege, 18, 18

CREATE ANY SYNONYM system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY TABLE sys tem privilege, 18

CREATE ANY TRIGGER system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY TYPE system privilege, 18

CREATE ANY VIEW system privilege, 18

CREATE CLUSTER statement, 14

CREATE CLUSTER system privilege, 18

CREATE CONTEXT statement, 14

CREATE CONTROLFILE statement, 14

CRE ATE DATABASE LINK statement, 14

CREATE DATABASE LINK system privil ege, 18

CREATE DATABASE statement, 14

CREATE DATAFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

CREATE DIMENSION

system privilege, 18

CREATE DIMENSION statement, 14

CREATE DIRECTOR Y statement, 14

CREATE DISKGROUP statement, 14

CREATE FUNCTION statement, 14

CREATE INDEX

statement, 14

CREATE INDEXTYPE

statement, 14

CREATE INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18

CREATE JAVA statement, 14

CREATE JOB system pr ivilege, 18

CREATE LIBRARY statement, 15

CREATE LIBRARY system privilege, 18

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG statement, 15

CREATE MATE RIALIZED VIEW statement, 15

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW system privil ege, 18

CREATE OPERATOR statement, 15

CREATE OPERATOR system privilege, 18

CREATE OUTLINE statement, 15

CREATE PACKAGE statement, < a href="statements_6006.htm#sthref5149">15

CREATE PFILE statement, 15

CREATE PROCEDURE statement, 15

CREAT E PROCEDURE system privilege, 18

CREATE PROFILE statement, 15

CREATE PROFILE system privilege, 18

CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK system privilege, 18

< dd class="l1ix">CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM system privilege, 18

CREATE ROLE statement, 15

CREATE ROLE system privilege, 18

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 15

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT system privilege, 18

CREATE SCHEMA statement, 15

CREATE SEQUENCE statement, 15

CREATE SEQUENCE system privilege, 18

CREATE SESSION system privilege, 18

CREATE SPFILE statement, 15

CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE clause< /dd>

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

CREATE statements

trigge rs on, 16

CREATE SYNONYM statement, 16

CREATE SYNONYM system privilege, 18

CREATE TABLE statement, 16

CREATE TABLE system privilege, 18

CREATE TABLESPACE statement, 16

CREATE TABLESPACE system privilege, 18

CREATE TRIGGER statement, 16

CREATE TRIGGER s ystem privilege, 18

CREATE TYPE BODY statement, 17

CREATE TYPE statement, 17

CREATE TYPE system privilege, 18

CREATE USER statement , 17

CREATE USER system privilege, 18

CREATE VIEW statement, 17

C REATE VIEW system privilege, 18

CREATE_BITMAP_AREA_SIZE initializa tion parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

CREATE_STORED_OUTLINES initialization parameter, 11

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

cross joins, 19

CUBE clause

of SELECT statements, 19

CUME_ DIST function, 7.31

cumulative distributions, 7.31

currency

group separators, 2.4.1.1

currency symbol

ISO , 2.4.1.1

local, 2.4.1.1

union, 2.4.1.1

CURRENT_DATE funct ion, 7.32

CURRENT_SCHEMA session parameter, 11

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function, 7.33

CURRENT_USER clause

of CREATE DATABASE LINKI, 14

CURRVAL pseudocolumn, 3.2, 15

CURSOR expressions, 5.5

CURSOR_SHARING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

CURSOR_SPACE_FOR_TIME initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

cursors

cached, 18

CustomDatum Java storage format, 17

CV function, 7.34

CYCLE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

---

D

data

aggregation

< dl class="l3ix">

composite columns of GROUP BY, 19

concatenated grouping sets of GROUP BY, 19

grouping sets, 19

analyzing a subset, 7.97

caching frequently used, 16

indep endence, 16

integrity checking on input, 2.1.1.6.1

retrieving, 9.1

speci fying as temporary, 16

undo

preserving, 12, 16

data conversion, 2.2.7

between character datatypes, 2.2.7.2

implicit

disadvantages, 2.2.7.1

implic it versus explicit, 2.2.7.1

when performed implicitly, 2.2.7.2, 2.2.7.3

when specified exp licitly, 2.2.7.4

data definition language (DDL)

events and triggers, 16

statem ents, 10.1.1

and implicit commit, 10.1.1

causing recompilation, 10.1 .1

PL/SQL support, 10.1.1

stat ements requiring exclusive access, 10.1.1

data dictionar y

adding comments to, 13

data manipulation language (DML)

allowing during indexing, 10.2

operations

and triggers, 16

during index creation, 14

during index rebuild, 12

paralle lizing, 16

restricting operations, 11

retrieving affected rows, 17, 18, 19

retrieving rows affected by, 17, 18, 19

statements, 10.1.2

PL/SQL support, 10.1.2

data object nu mber

in extended rowids, 2.1.1.24

< /dd>

database

flashing back, 1 8

returning to a past time, 18

database links, 9.10

closing, 11

creating, 2.9.3.1, 14

creating synonyms with, 16

current user, 14

granting system privileges for, 18

naming, 2.9.3.1.1

public, 14

dropping, 17

referring to, 2.9 .3.2

removing from the database, 17

shar ed, 14

syntax, 2.9.3.1.1

username and password, 2.9.3.1.2

database objects

dropping, 18

nonschema, 2.7.2, 2.7.2

schema, 2.7.1

database triggers. See triggers

databases, 10.2

accounts

creating, 17

allowing changes to, 11

allowing generation of redo logs, 10.2

allowing reuse of control files, 14

allowing unlimited resources to users, 15

archive mode

specifying, 14

blocks

specifying size, 16

cancel-based recovery, 10.2

terminating, 10.2

change-based recovery, 10.2

changing characteristics, 14

changing global name, 10.2

changing name, 14, 14

character set, specifying, 14

character s ets

specifying, 14

committing to standby status, 10.2

connect strings, 2.9.3.1.3

controlling, 10.2< /dd>

controlling use, 10.2

converting from Oracle 7 data dictionary, 10.2

create script for, 10.2

creating, 14

data files

modifying, 10.2

specifying, 14

designing media recovery, 10.2

dropping, 17

ending backup of, 10.2

erasing all data from, 14

events

and triggers, 16

auditing, 16

transparent logging of, 16

granting system privileg es for, 18

in FLASHBACK mode, 10.2

in FORCE LOGGING mode, 10.2, 14, 14

instances of, 14

limiting resources for users, 15

log files

modifying, 10.2

specifying, 14

managed recovery, 10.2

modifying, 10.2

mounting, 10.2, 10.2, 14

moving a subset to a different database, 12

naming, 10.2

national character set

specifying, 14

no-data-loss mode, 10.2

online

adding log files, 10.2

open ing, 10.2, 14

prepare to re-create, 10.2

preventing changes to, 10.2

protection mode of, 10.2

quiesced state, 11

read-only, 10.2

read/write, 10.2

recon structing damaged, 10.2

recovering, 10.2, 10.2

recovery

allowing corrupt blocks, 10.2

testing, 10.2

with backup control file, 10.2

re-creating control file for, 14

remote

accessing, 9.10

au thenticating users to, 14

connecting to, 14

inserting into, 18

se rvice name of, 14

table locks on, 18

resetting

to an earlier version, 10.2

restoring earlier version of, 10.2, 12, 16

restricting users to read-only transactions, 10.2

resumin g activity, 11

standby

adding log files, 10.2

suspending activity, 11

system user passwords, 14

tempfiles

modifying, 10.2

time zone

determining, 7.35

setting, valid values for, 10.2, 14

time-based recovery, 10.2

upgrading, 10.2

DATAFILE clause< /dd>

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

DATAFILE clauses

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

DATAFILE OFFLINE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

DAT AFILE ONLINE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

DATAFILE RESIZE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

datafiles

bringing online, 10.2

changing size of, 10.2

creating new, 10.2

defining f or a tablespace, 16, 16, 16

defining for the database, 14

< dd class="l2ix">designing media recovery, 10.2

dropping, 18

enabling autoextend, 8

end online backup of, 10.2, 12

extending automatically, 8

online backup of, 12

online, updating information on, 11

putting online, 10.2

recover damaged, 10.2

recovering, 10.2

re-creating lost or damaged, 10.2

renaming, 10.2, 10.2

resizing, 10.2, 10.2

reusing, 8

size of, 8

specifying, 8, 8

for a tablespace, 16

specifying fo r database, 14

system generated, 10.2

taking offline, 10.2, 10.2

datatypes, 2.1

"Any" types, 2.1.5

ANSI-supported, 2.1

associating statistics with, 1 3, 13

BFILE, 2.1.1.19< /a>

BLOB, 2.1.1.20

CHAR, 2.1.1.1

character, 2.1.1

CLOB, 2.1.1.21

comparison rules, 2.2

converting to collection-typed values, 7.15

converting to other datatypes, 7.15

DATE, 2.1.1.9

datetime, 2.1.1.8

interval, 2.1.1.8

INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND, 2.1.1.14

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, 2.1.1.13

length semantics, 2.1.1.1, 2.1.1.3

LONG, 2.1.1.8

LONG RAW, 2.1.1.18

media types, 2.1.8

NCHAR, 2.1.1.2

NCLOB, 2.1.1.22

NUMBER, 2.1.1.6

NV ARCHAR2, 2.1.1.3

Oracle-supplied types, 2.1.4

RAW, 2.1.1.18

ROWID, 2.1.1.22

spatial types, 2.1.7

TIMESTAMP, 2.1.1.10

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, 2.1.1.12

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, 2.1.1.11

UROWID, 2.1.1.26

user-defined, 2.1.3

VARCHAR, 2.1.1.5

VARCHAR2, 2.1.1.4

XML types, 2.1.6

DATE columns

converting to datetime columns, 12

DATE datatype , 2.1.1.9

julian, 2.1.1.9.1

date format models, 2.4.2, 2.4.2.1.2

long, 2.4.2.1.2

punctuation in, 2.4.2.1.2

short, 2.4.2.1.2

text in, 2.4.2.1.2

date functions, 7.1.1.4

dates

arithmetic, 2.1.1.15

comparison rules, 2.2.2

datetime arithmetic, 2.1.1.15

boundary cases, 11

calculating daylight saving time, 2.1.1.16

datetime columns

creating from DATE columns, 12

datetime datatypes, 2 .1.1.8

daylight saving time, 2.1.1.16

datetime expressions, 5.6

datetime fie ld

extracting from a datetime or interval value, 7 .45

datetime format elements, 2.4.2.1

and Globalization Support, 2.4.2.2

ca pitalization, 2.4.2.1.1

ISO standard, 2.4.2.3

RR, 2.4.2.4

suffixes, 2.4.2.5

datetime functions, 7.1.1.4

DAY datetime format element, 2.4.2.2

daylight saving time, 2.1.1.16

boundary cases, 2.1.1.16

going into or coming out of effect, 2.1.1.16

DB_BLOCK_CHECKING initialization parameter

< dl class="l2ix">

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_CA CHE_ADVICE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_DOMAI N initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_FILE_NAME_ CONVERT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_FILES initialization parameter

se tting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGE T initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_NAME initialization p arameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting w ith ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST initializatio n parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE initialization parameter

setti ng with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_RECYCLE_CACHE_SIZE initializ ation parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_UNIQUE_NAME initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB_WRITER_PROCESSES initialization para meter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DB2 datatypes, 2.1.2

conversion to Oracle datatypes, 2.1.2

restrictions on, 2.1.2

DBA role, 18

DBA_2PC_PENDING data dictionary view, 11

DBA_CO L_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

DBA_INDEXTYPE_COMMENTS data di ctionary view, 13

DBA_MVIEW_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

DBA_OPERATOR_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS data dictionary view, 17

DBA_TAB_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

DBM S_OUTPUT package, 13

DBMS_ROWID package

and extended rowids, 2.1.1.24

DBMSSTDX .SQL script, 14, 15, 15, 15

and triggers, 16

DBTIMEZONE function, 7.35

DBWR_IO_SLAVES initialization parameter

setting wi th ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DDL. See data definition la nguage (DDL)

DDL_WAIT_FOR_LOCKS initialization parameter

setting w ith ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DEALLOCATE UNUSED clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2, 10.2

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, < a href="statements_9013.htm#sthref6584">18

DEBUG clause

of ALT ER FUNCTION, 10.2

of ALTER PROCEDURE, 11

of ALTER TRIGGER, 13

of ALTER TYPE, 13

DEBUG object privilege, 18

on a function, procedure, or package, 18

on a table, 18

on a view, 18

on an object type, 18

debugging

granting system privileges for, 18

decimal characters, 2.3.2.2

specifying, 2.4.1.1

DECODE function, 7.36

DECOMPOSE function, 7.37

DEFAULT clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

DEFAULT COST clause

of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 13, 13, 13

default index, suppressing, 15

DEFAULT profile

assigning to users, 17

DEFAULT ROLE clause

of ALTER USER, 13

DEFAULT SELECTI VITY clause

of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 13, 13, 13

DEFAUL T storage clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

default tab lespace, 14

DEFAULT TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

of ALTER USER, 13

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE U SER, 17

default tablespaces

specifying for a user, 13

DEFAULT TEMPO RARY TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2< /a>

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

DEFERRA BLE clause

of constraints, 8

deferrable constraints, 19

DEFERRED clause

of SET CONSTRAINTS, 19

definer-rights functions, 14

DELETE ANY TABLE system privilege , 18

DELETE object privilege, 18

on a table, 18

on a view, 18

DELETE statement, 17

triggers on, 16

DELETE STATISTICS clause

of ANALYZE, 13

DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE role, 18

deletes during, 18

DENSE_RANK function, 7.38

DEREF function, 7.40< /dd>

DESC clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14

DETERMINISTIC clause

of CREATE FUNCTION, 14

DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn initialization parameter< /dd>

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DG_BROKER_START initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, < a href="statements_2013.htm#sthref3453">11

dimensions

attributes

adding, 10.2

changing, 10.2

defining, 14

dropping, 10.2

compili ng invalidated, 10.2

creating, 14

defining levels, 14

examples, < a href="statements_5006.htm#sthref4677">14

granting system privileges for, 18

hierarchies

adding, 10.2

changing, 10.2

defining, 14

dropping, 10.2

levels

adding, 10 .2

defining, 14

dropping, 10.2

removing from the database, 17

directories. See directory objects

directory objects

< dd>

as aliases for operating system directories, 14

auditing, 13

creating, 14

granting system privileges for, 18

redefining, 14

removing from the database, 17

direct-path INSERT, 18

DISABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

DISABLE clause

of ALT ER INDEX, 10.2

of CREATE TABLE, 16

DISABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY clause

of ALT ER SYSTEM, 11

DISABLE NOVALIDATE constraint state, 8

DISABLE PARALLEL DML clause

o f ALTER SESSION, 11

DISABLE QUERY REWRITE clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

DISABLE RESTRICTED SE SSION clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< /dd>

DISABLE RESUMABLE clause

of ALTER SESSION, 11

DISABLE ROW MOVEMENT clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

DISABLE STORAGE IN ROW clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16

DISABLE TABLE LOCK clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

DISABLE THR EAD clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

DISABLE VALIDATE constraint state, 8

DISASSOCIA TE STATISTICS statement, 17

DISCONNECT SESSION clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

dis k groups

altering, 10.2

creating, 14

creating a tablespace in, 16

creating failure groups, 10.2, 14

creating files in, 8

dropping, 17

specifying files in, 8

specifying files in control files, 14

DISK_ASYNCH_IO initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM , 11

dispatcher processes

creating additional, 11

terminating, 11

DISPATCHERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DISTINCT cl ause

of SELECT, 19

distinct queries, 19

distributed queries, 9.10

restrictions on, 9.10

DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT initialization parameter

s etting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

DML. See data mani pulation language (DML)

DML_LOCKS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

domain indexes, 14, 14, 14

and LONG columns, 12

asso ciating statistics with, 13, 13

creating, prerequisites, 14

determining user-defined CP U and I/O costs, 18

example, E.1

invoking drop routines for, 18

mo difying, 10.2

parallelizing creation of, 14

rebuilding, 10.2

remo ving from the database, 17

domain_index_clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14

DOWNGRADE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

DROP ANY CLUSTER system privilege, 18

DROP ANY CONTEXT system privilege, 18

DROP ANY DIMENSION system privilege, 18

DROP ANY DIRECTORY system privilege, 18

DROP ANY INDEX system privilege, 18

DROP ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18

D ROP ANY LIBRARY system privilege, 18

DROP ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW sy stem privilege, 18

DROP ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 18

DROP ANY OUTLINE system privilege, 18

DROP ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18

DROP ANY ROLE system privilege, 18

DROP ANY SEQUENCE system p rivilege, 18

DROP ANY SYNONYM system privilege, 18

DROP ANY TABLE system privilege, 18< /dd>

DROP ANY TRIGGER system privilege, 18

DROP A NY TYPE system privilege, 18

DROP ANY VIEW system privilege, 18

DROP clause

of ALTER DI MENSION, 10.2

of ALTER INDEXTYPE, 10.2

DROP CLUSTER statement, 17

DROP COLUMN clause

of ALTER TABLE, 1 2

DROP CONSTRAINT clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

DROP constraint clause

of ALTER VIEW, 13

DROP CONTEXT statement, 17

DROP DATABASE LINK statement, 17

DROP DATABASE statement, 17

DROP DIMENS ION statement, 17

DROP DIRECTORY statement, 17

DROP DISKGROUP statement, 17

DROP FUNCTION statement, 17

DROP INDEX statement, 17

DROP INDEXTYPE statement, 1 7

DROP JAVA statement, 17

DROP LIBRARY s tatement, 17

DROP LOGFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

DROP LOGFILE MEMBER clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

DROP MATERI ALIZED VIEW LOG statement, 17

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW statement, 17

DROP OPERATOR statement, 17

DROP OUTLINE statement, 17

DROP PACK AGE BODY statement, 17

DROP PACKAGE statement, 17

DROP PARTITION clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12< /a>

DROP PRIMARY constraint clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

DROP PROCEDURE statement, 17

DROP PROFILE statement, 17

D ROP PROFILE system privilege, 18

DROP PUBLIC DATABASE LINK system privilege, 18

DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM system privilege, 18

DROP ROLE statement, 17

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT statement, 17

DROP ROLLBACK SE GMENT system privilege, 18

DROP SEQUENCE statement, 18

DROP statements

triggers on, 16

DROP SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

DROP SUPP LEMENTAL LOG GROUP clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

DROP SYNONYM statement, 18

DROP TABLE statement, 18

DROP TABLESPACE statement, 18

DROP TABLESPACE system privilege, 18< /dd>

DROP TRIGGER statement, 18

DROP TYPE stateme nt, 18

DROP UNIQUE constraint clause

< dd class="l2ix">of ALTER TABLE, 12

DROP USER statement, 18

DROP USER system privilege, 18

DROP VALUES clause

of ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY PARTITIO N, 12

DROP VIEW statement, 18

DUAL dummy table, 2.8.1, 9.9

DUMP ACTIVE SESSION HISTORY clause

of ALTER S YSTEM, 11

DUMP function, 7.41

DY datetime format element, 2.4.2.2

---

E

EBCDIC char acter set, 2.2.4

embedded SQL, 10.1.6

precompiler support, 10.1.6

EMPTY_BLOB function, 7.42

EMPTY_CLOB function, 7.42

ENABLE ALL TRIGGERS clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

ENABLE clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of A LTER TRIGGER, 13

of CREATE TABLE, 16

ENABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY clause

of AL TER SYSTEM, 11

ENABLE NOVALIDATE constraint state, 8

ENABLE PARALLEL DML clause

of ALTER SESSION, 11

ENABLE QUERY REWRITE clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSI ON clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

ENABLE RESUMABLE clause

of ALTER SESSION, 11

ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

ENABLE STORAGE IN ROW clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE , 16

ENABLE TABLE LOCK clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

ENABLE THREAD clau se

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

< dd class="l1ix">ENABLE VALIDATE constraint state, 8

END BACKUP clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

of ALTER DATABASE ... DATAFILE, 10.2

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

ENQUEUE_RESOURCES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

equality test, 6.2

equijoins, 9.6.2

defining for a dimension, 14

equivalency tests, 6.10

ERROR_ON_OVERLAP_ TIME session parameter, 11

ESTIMATE STATISTICS clause

of ANALYZE, 13

EVENT in itialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

EXCEPTIONS INTO clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

restrictions, 12

EXCHANGE PARTITION clause

of AL TER TABLE, 12, 12

EXCHANGE SUBPARTITION clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12

exchanging partitions

restrictions on, 12

EXCLUDING NEW VALUES clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

EXCLUSIVE lock mode, 18

EXECUTE ANY CLASS system priv ilege, 18

EXECUTE ANY INDEXTYPE system privilege, 18

EXECUTE ANY OPERATOR system privilege, 18

EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE system privilege, 18

EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM system privilege, 18

EXECUTE ANY TYPE s ystem privilege, 18

EXECUTE object privilege, 18

on a function, procedure, or package, 18

on a library, 18

o n an indextype, 18

on an object type, 18

on an operator, 18

EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE role, 18

execution plans

determining, 18

dropping outlines fo r, 17

saving, 15

EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY system privilege, 18

EXISTS condition, 6.9, 6.9

EXISTS conditions, 6.8

EXISTSNODE function, 7.43

EXP function, 7.44

EX P_FULL_DATABASE role, 18

EXPLAIN PLAN statement, 18

explicit data conversion, 2.2.7.1, < a href="sql_elements002.htm#sthref374">2.2.7.4

expressions

CAS E, 5.4

changing declared type of, 7.183

comparing, 7.36

compound, 5.3

computing with the DUAL table, 9.9< /a>

CURSOR, 5.5

datetime, 5.6

in SQL syntax, 5.1

interval, 5.8

lists of, 5.14< /a>

model, 5.11

object access, 5.9

scalar subqueries as, 5.10

simple, 5.2

type constructor, 5.12

variable, 5.13

extended rowids, 2.1.1.24

base 64, 2.1.1.24

not directly available, 2 .1.1.24

extensible indexing

example, E.1

EXTENT MANAGEMENT clause

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16, 16

EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTI ONARY clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

< /dl>

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL clause

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

extents

allocating for partitions, 12

allocating for subpartitions, 12

allocating for tables, 12

restricting access by insta nces, 10.2

specifying maximum number for an object, 8

specifying number allocated upon object creation, 8

specifying the first for an object, 8

sp ecifying the percentage of size increase, 8

specifying the second for a n object, 8

external functions, 14, 15, 15

external LOBs, 2.1.1.18

external procedures, 15, 15

running from remote database, 15

external tables, 16

access drivers, 16

altering, 12

creating, 16

ORACLE_DATAPUMP access driver, 1 6

ORACLE_LOADER access driver, 16

restri ctions on, 16

external users, 15, 17

EXTRACT (datetime) function, 7.45

EXTRACT (XML) function, 7.46

EXTRACTVALUE function, 7.47

---

F

FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

failure groups

creating for a disk group, 10.2, 14

FAL_CLIENT initialization parameter

setting wi th ALTER SYSTEM, 11

FAL_SERVER initialization parameter< /dd>

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SY STEM, 11

FAST_START_PARALLEL_ROLLBACK initialization par ameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

FILE_MAPPING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTE M, 11

FILEIO_NETWORK_ADAPTERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

files

specifying as a redo log file group, 8

specifying as datafiles, 8

specify ing as tempfiles, 8

FILESYSTEMIO_OPTIONS initialization param eter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

FINAL clause

of CREATE TYPE, 17, 17

FIPS

compliance, B.1.8

flagging, 11

FIRST function, 7.48

FIRST_VALUE function, 7.49

FIXED_DATE initialization paramete r

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

FLAGGER session parameter, 11

FLASHBACK ANY T ABLE system privilege, 18, 18, 18

FLASHBACK DATABASE statement, 18

FLASHBACK object privilege, 18

flashback queries, 19

pseudocolumns for, 3.3

using with inserts, 18, 19

FLASHBACK TABLE statement, 18

FLOAT datatype, 2.1.1.7.2

floating-point conditions, 6.3

floating-point numbers, 2.1.1.7

converting to, 7.162, 7.163

handling NaN, 7.80

FLOOR function, 7.50

FLUS H BUFFER_CACHE clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

FLUSH SHARED POOL clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

FM format model modifier, 2. 4.3

FOR clause

of ANALYZE ... COMPUTE STATISTICS, 13

of ANALYZE ... ESTIMATE STATISTICS, 13

of CREATE INDEXTYPE, 14

of EXPLAIN PLAN, 18, 18

FOR EACH ROW clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

FOR UPDATE clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

of SELECT, 19, 19

FORCE ANY TRANSACTION system privilege, 18

FORCE clause

of COMMIT, 13

of CREATE VIEW, 17

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17

of DROP INDEX, 17

of DROP INDEXTYPE, 17

of DROP OPERATOR, 17

of DROP TYPE, 18

of REVOKE, 18

of ROLLBACK, 18, 18

FORCE LOGGING clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

FORCE PARALLEL DML clause

of ALTER SESSION, 11

FORCE TRANSACTION system privilege, 18

foreign key constraints, 8

foreign tables

rowids of, 2.1.1.26

fo rmat model modifiers, 2.4.3

format models, 2.4

changing the return format, 2.4.3.1

date, 2.4.2

changing, 2.4.2

default format, 2.4.2

format elements, 2.4.2.1

maximum length, 2.4.2

modifiers, 2.4.3

number, 2.4.1

numb er, elements of, 2.4.1.1

specifying, 2.4.3.1

XML, 2.4.5

fo rmats

for dates and numbers. See format models

of return values from the database, 2.4

of values stored in the database, 2.4

free lists

specifying for a table, partition, cluster, or index, 8

specifying for LOBs, 16

FREELIST GROUPS parameter

of STORAGE clause, 8

FREELISTS parame ter

of STORAGE clause, 8

FREEPOOLS parameter

of LOB storage, 16

FROM clause

of queries, 9.6.3

FROM COLUMNS clause

of DISASSOCIATE S TATISTICS, 17

FROM FUNCTIONS clause

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17

FROM INDEXES clause

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17

FROM INDEXTYPES clause

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTIC S, 17

FROM PACKAGES clause

< dd class="l2ix">of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17

FROM TYPE S clause

of DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 17

FROM_TZ function, 7.51

full outer joins, 19

function expressions

built-in, 5.7

user-defined, 5.7

function-based indexes, 14

creating, 14

enabling, 10.2, 10.2, 10.2< /a>

enabling and disabling, 10.2

refreshing, 10.2

functions

3GL, calling, 15

See also SQL functions

analytic

user-defined, 14

associating statistics with, 13, 13

avoiding run-time compilation, 10.2

built_in

as expressions, 5.7

calling, 13

changing the declaration of, 14

changing the definition of, 14

datatype of return value, 14

d atetime, 7.1.1.4

DECODE, 7.36

defining an index on, 14

examples, 14

executing, 13

from parallel query processes, 14

external, 14, 15, 15

inverse distribution, 7.100, 7$101

issuing COMMIT or ROLLBACK statements, 11

linear regression, 7.117

na ming rules, 2.8.1

partitioning

among parallel query processes, 14

privileges e xecuted with, 13, 17

recompiling explicitly, 10.2

recompiling invalid, 10.2

re-creating, 14, 14

removing from the database, 17

returning collections, 14

returning results it eratively, 14

schema executed in, 13, 17

specifying schema and user privileges for, 14

statistics, assigning default cost, 13

statistics, defining default selectivity, 13

stored, 14

storing return value of, 13

synonyms for, 16

table, 14

user_defined

as expressions, 5.7

user-defined, 7.208

aggregate, 14

using a saved copy, 14

FX format model modifier, 2.4.3

---

G

GC_FILES_TO_LOCKS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

GCS_SERVER_PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

general recovery clause

< dd class="l2ix">of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

geoimaging, 2.1.7

global indexes . See indexes, globally partitioned

GLOBAL PARTITION BY HASH clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14

GLOBAL PARTITION BY RANGE clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14, 14

GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE system privilege, 18

GLOBAL TEMPORARY clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

global users, 15< /a>, 17

GLOBAL_NAMES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

G lobalization Support

change session settings, 1 1

globally partitioned indexes, 14, 14

GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE system privilege, 18

GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE system privilege, 18

GRANT ANY ROLE system privilege, 18

GRANT clause

< dd>

of ALTER USER, 13

GRANT CONNECT THROUGH clause

of ALTER USER, 13 , 13

GRAPHIC datatype

DB2, 2.1.2

SQL/DS, 2.1.2

greater than or equal to tests, 6.2

< dd class="l1ix">greater than tests, 6.2

GREATEST function, 7.52

GROUP BY clause

CUBE extensio n, 19

identifying duplicate groupings, 7.53

of SELECT and subqueries, 19, 19

ROLLUP extension of, 19

group comparison conditions, 6.2.2

group se parator

specifying, 2.4.1.1

< dd class="l1ix">GROUP_ID function, 7.53

GROUPING function, 7.54

grouping sets, 19

GROUPING SETS clause

of SELECT and subqueries, 19

GROUPING_ID function, 7.55

groupings

filtering out duplicate, 7.53< /a>

GUARD ALL clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

GUARD clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

overriding, 11

GUARD NONE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

GUARD STANDBY clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

---

H

hash cluster s

creating, 14

single -table, creating, 14

specifying hash function for, 14

HASH IS clause

of CREAT E CLUSTER, 14

hash partitioning clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

hash partitions

adding, 12

coalescing, 12

HASH_AREA_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

HASHKEYS clause

of CREA TE CLUSTER, 14

HAVING condition

of GROUP BY clause, 19

heap-organi zed tables

creating, 16

hexadecimal value

returning, 2.4.1. 1

HEXTORAW function, 7.56

HI_SHAR ED_MEMORY_ADDRESS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

hierarchical queries, 3.1.3, 9.3, 19

child rows, 3.1.3, 9.3

CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE pseudocolumn, 3.1.1

CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF pse udocolumn, 3.1.2

CONNECT_BY_ROOT operator, 4.4.2

illustrated, 3.1.3

l eaf rows, 3.1.3

ordering, 19

parent rows, 3.1.3, 9 .3

PRIOR operator, 4.4.1

pseudocolumns in, < a href="pseudocolumns001.htm#sthref664">3.1

retrieving root and node values, 7.149

hierarchical query clause

of SELECT an d subqueries, 19

hierarchies

adding to a dimension, 10.2

dropping from a dim ension, 10.2

of dimensions, defining, 14

HIERARCHY clause

of CREATE DIMENSION , 14, 14

hi gh water mark

of clusters, 10.2

of indexes, 10.2

of tables, 12, 13

hints, 9.2

in SQL statements, 2.6.3

passing to the optimizer, 19

syntax, 2.6.3

histograms

creating equiwidth, 7.199

HS_ADMIN_ROLE role, 18

HS_AUTOREGISTER initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

---

I

IDENTIFIED BY clause

of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE

of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14

of SET ROLE, 19

IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY clause

of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE ROLE, 15

of CREATE USER, 17

ID ENTIFIED GLOBALLY clause

of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE

o f ALTER USER, 13

of CREATE ROLE, 15

of CREATE USER, 17

IDLE_TIME parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

IEEE754

floating-point arithmetic, 2.1.1.7.2

Oracle conformance with, 2.1.1.7.2

IFILE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

IMMEDIATE clause

of SET CONSTRAINTS, 19

IMP_FULL_DATABASE role , 18

implicit data conversion, 2.2.7.1, 2.2.7.2, 2.2.7.3

IN conditions, 6.10

IN OUT parameter

of CREATE FUNCTION, 14

of CREATE PROCEDUR E, 15

IN parameter

of CREATE function, 14

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15

INCLUDING CONTENTS clause

of DROP TABLESPACE, 18

INCLUDING DATAFILES clause

of ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE DROP clause, 10.2< /dd>

INCLUDING NEW VALUES clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW L OG, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

INCLUDING TABLES clause

of DROP CL USTER, 17

incomplete object types, 17

creating, 17, 17

INCREMENT BY clause

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE

INCREMENT BY parameter

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

INDEX cl ause

of ANALYZE, 13

o f CREATE CLUSTER, 14

index keys

compression, 10.2

INDEX object priv ilege, 18

on a table, 18

index partitions

creating sub partitions, 14

index subpartitions, 14

indexed clusters

creating, 14

indexes, 10.2

allocating new extents for, 10.2

application-specific, 14

ascending, 14

based on indextypes, 14

bitmap, 14

bitmap join, 14

B-tree, 14

changing attributes, < a href="statements_1008.htm#sthref2833">10.2

changing parallelism of, 10.2

collecting statistics on, 13

co mputing statistics for, 10.2

creating, 14

creating on a cluster, 14

creating on a table, 14

deallocating unused space from, 10.2

descending, 14

and query rewrite, 14

as func tion-based indexes, 14

direct-path inserts, logging, 10.2

disassociating statistics types from, 17

domain, 14, 14, 14

domain, example, E.1

dropping index partitions, 17

examples, 14

function-based, 14

creating, 14

global partitioned, creating, 14

globally partit ioned, 14, 14

< dd class="l3ix">updating, 12

granting system privileges for, 18

join, bitmap, 14< /a>

key compression of, 10.2

key compression , enabling, 10.2

keys, eliminating repetition, 10.2

locally partitioned, 14

logging rebuild operations, 10.2

marking as UNUSABLE, < a href="statements_1008.htm#sthref2896">10.2

merging block contents, 10.2

merging contents of index blocks, 10.2

merging contents of index partition blocks, 10.2

modifying attributes, 10.2

moving, 10.2

on clusters, 14

on composite-partit ioned tables, creating, 14

on hash-partitioned tables

creating, 14

on index-o rganized tables, 14

on list-partitioned tables

creating, 14

on nested table s torage tables, 14

on partitioned tables, 14

on range-partitioned tables, creating, 14

on scalar typed object attributes, 14

on tabl e columns, 14

on XMLType tables, 14

online, 14

parallelizing crea tion of, 14

partitioned, 2 .9.4, 14

user-defined, 14

partitioning, 14

partitions, 14

adding new, < a href="statements_1008.htm#sthref2932">10.2

changing default attributes, 10.2

changing physical attributes, 10.2

changing storage characteristics, 10.2

coalescing hash par titions, 10.2

deallocating unused space from, 10.2

dropping, 10.2

marking UNUSABLE, 10.2, 12

modifying the real characteristics, 10.2

preventing use of, 10.2

rebuilding, 10.2

rebuilding unusable, 12

re-creating, 10.2

removing, 10.2

< dd class="l3ix">renaming, 10.2

specifying tablespace, 10.2

specifying tablespace for, 10.2< /a>

splitting, 10.2, 10.2

partitions, adding hash, 10.2

preventing use of, 10.2

purging from the recycle bin, 18

rebuilding, 10.2

rebuilding while online, 10.2

re-creating, 10.2

removing from the database, 17

renaming, 10.2, 10.2

reverse, 10.2, 10.2 , 10.2, 14

specifying tablespace for, 10.2, 10.2

statistics on, 14

statistics on usage, 10.2

subpartitions

allocating extents for , 10.2

changing default attributes, 10.2

changing physical attributes, 10.2

changing storage characteristics, 10.2

deallocating unu sed space from, 10.2, 10.2

marking UNUSABLE, 10.2

modifying, 10.2

moving, 10.2

prevent ing use of, 10.2

rebuilding, 10.2

re-creating, 10.2

renaming, 10.2

specifying tablespace, 10.2

specifying tablespace for, 10.2

tablespace containing, 14

unique, 14

unsorted, 14

used to enforce constraints, 12, 16

validating structure, 13

on range-partitioned tables, 14, 14, 14

index-organized tables

bitmap indexes on, creati ng, 16

creating, 16

mapping tables, 12

mov ing, 12

mapping tables, creating, 16

merging contents of index blocks, 12

modifying, 12, 12

< dd class="l2ix">moving, 12

overflow segments

specifying storage, 12, 16

partitioned, updating secondary indexes, 10.2

PCT_ACCESS_DIRECT statistics, 13

primary key i ndexes

coalescing, 12

rebuilding, 12

rowids of, 2.1.1.26

secondary indexes, updating, 10.2

INDEXTYPE clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14, 14

indextypes

adding operators, 10.2

altering, 10.2

associating statistics with, 13 , 13

changing implementation type, 10.2

comments on, 13

creat ing, 14

disassociating from statistics types, 17

drop routines, invoking, 17

granting system privileges for, 18

indexes based on, < a href="statements_5010.htm#sthref4886">14

instances, 14

removing from the database, 17

in-doubt transactions

forcing, 13

forcing commit of, 13

forcing rollback, 18, 18

rolling back, 18

inequality test, 6.2

INITCAP function, 7.57

INITIAL parameter

of STORAGE clause, 8

initializati on parameters

changing session settings, 11

INITIALIZED EXTERNALLY clause

of CREATE CONTEXT, 14

INITIALIZED GLOBALLY clause

of CREATE CONTEXT, 14

INITIALLY DEFERRED c lause

of constraints, 8

INITIALLY IMMEDIATE clause

of constraints, 8

INITRANS parameter

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE INDEX. See CREATE TABLE

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See CREATE TABLE

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See CREATE TAB LE

of CREATE TABLE, 8

inline constraint s

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16

inline views, 9.7

inner joins, 9.6.5, 19

inner-N reporting, 7.122

IN SERT ANY TABLE system privilege, 18

INSERT clause

of MERGE, 18

INSERT object privilege, 18

on a table, 18

on a view, 18

INSERT statement, 18

triggers on , 16

inserts

and simultaneous update, 18

conditional, 18

conventional, 18

di rect-path, 18

multitable, 18, 18

multitable, examples, 18

single-table, 18

using MERGE , 18

instance recovery

continue after interruption, 10.2

INSTANCE s ession parameter, 11

INSTANCE_GROUPS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

INSTANCE_NAME initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

INSTANCE_NUMBER initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

INSTANCE_TYPE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

instances

making index extents available to, 10.2

setting parameters for, 11

INSTANTIABLE clause

of CREATE TYPE, 17

INSTEAD OF clause

< dd class="l2ix">of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

INSTEAD OF trigger s, 16

INSTR function, 7.58

INSTR2 function, 7.58

INSTR4 function, 7.58

INSTRB function, 7.58

INSTRC function, 7.58

integers

generating unique, 15

in SQL syntax, 2.3.2.1

precision of, 2.3.2.1

syntax of, 2.3.2.1

integrity cons traints. See constraints

internal LOBs, 2.1.1.18

International Standards Organization (ISO), B

< dd class="l2ix">standards, 1.2, 1.2, B.1

interrow calculations, 19

CV function, 7.34

IS ANY condition, 6.12

IS PRESENT condition, 6.15

ITERATION_NUMBER function, 7.59

MODEL clause, 19

model expression, 5.11

PRESENTNNV function, 7.105

P RESENTV function, 7.106

PREVIOUS function, 7.107

INTERSECT set operator, 4.5, 19

interval arithmetic, 2.1.1.15

interval datatypes, 2.1.1.8

INTERVAL DAY T O SECOND datatype, 2.1.1.14

INTERVAL expressions, 5.8

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH datatype, 2.1.1.13

INTO clause

of EXPLAIN PLAN, 18

of INSERT, 18

INVA LIDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

inverse distribution functions, 7.100, 7$101

invoker rights

altering for a Jav a class, 10.2

altering for an object type, 13

defining for a function, 14

defining for a Java class, 14, 14< /dd>

defining for a package, 15

defining for a pr ocedure, 15

defining for an object type, 17

invoker-rights functions

defining , 14

IS [NOT] EMPTY conditions, 6.13

IS ANY condition, 6.12

I S NOT NULL operator, 6.6

IS NULL operator, 6.6

IS OF type condition, 6.14

IS PRESENT condition, 6.15

ISO. See International Standards Organization (ISO)

ISOLATION_LEVEL session parameter, 11

ITERATION_NUMBER function, 7.59

---

J

Java

class

creating, 14, 14

dropping, 17

resolving, 10.2, 14

Java source schema object

creating, 14

methods

return type of, 17

resource

creating, 14, 14

dropping, 17

schema object

name resolut ion of, 14

source

compiling, 10.2, 14

creating, 14

dropping, 17

storage formats

CustomDatum, 17

SQLData, 17

JAVA clause

of CREATE TYPE, 17

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17

Ja va methods

mapping to an object type, 17

JAVA_MAX_SESSIONSPACE_SIZE initialization parameter

settin g with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

JAVA_POOL_SIZE initialization pa rameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< /dl>

JAVA_SOFT_SESSIONSPACE_LIMIT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

job scheduler object privileges, 18

JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

JOIN clause

of CREATE DIMENSION, 14

JOIN KEY clause

of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2

of CREATE DIMENSION, 14

join views

example, 17

< dd class="l2ix">making updatable, 17

modifying, 17, 19

joins, 9.6

antijoins, 9.6.7

conditions

defining, 9.6.1< /dd>

cross, 19

equijoins, 9.6.2

full outer, 19

inner, 9.6.5, 19

le ft outer, 19

natural, 1 9

outer, 9.6.6

and dat a densification, 9.6.6

on grouped tables, 9.6.6

restrictions, 9.6.6

ri ght outer, 19

self, 9.6.3

semijoins, 9.6.8

without join conditions, 9.6.4

Julian dates, 2.1.1.9 .1

---

K

key compression, 16

definition, 10.2

disabling, 10.2, 14

enabling, 10.2

of index rebuild, 12

of indexes

disabling, 10.2

of index- organized tables, 16

key-preserved tables, 17

keywords, 2.8.1

in object names, 2.8.1

optional, A.1.2

required, A.1.1

KILL SESSION clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

---

L

LAG function, 7.60

LANGUAGE clause

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15

of CREATE TYPE, 17

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17

large objects. See LOB datatypes

LARGE_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LAST function, 7.61

LAST _DAY function, 7.62

LAST_VALUE function, 7.63

LDAP_DIRECTORY_ACCESS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LEAD function, 7.64

LEAST function, 7.65

left outer joins, 19

LENGTH function, 7.66

LENGTH2 function, 7.66

LENGTH4 function, 7.66

LENGTHB function, 7.66

LENGTHC function, 7.66

less than tests, 6.2

LEVEL clause

of ALTER DIMENSION, 10.2

of CREATE DIMENSION, 14, 14

level columns

specifying default values, 16

LEVEL pseudocolumn, 3.1.3, 19

and hierarchical queries, 3.1.3

levels

adding to a dimension, 10.2

dropping from a dimension, 10.2

of dimensions, defining, 14

libraries

creating, 15

granting system p rivileges for, 18

re-creating, 15

removing from the database, 17

library units. See Java schema objects

LICENSE_MAX_SESSIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LICENSE_MAX_USERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LIKE conditions, 6.16

linear regression functions, 7.117

LIST CHAINED ROWS clause

o f ANALYZE, 13

list partitioning

adding default partition, 12

adding partition s, 12

adding values, 12

creating a default partition, 16

creating partitions, 16

dropping values, 12

merging default with nondefault partitions, 12

splitting default partition, 12

list s ubpartitions

adding, 12

listeners

registering, 11

literals

in SQL statements and functions, 2.3

in SQL syntax, 2.3

LN function, 7.67

LNNVL function, 7.68

LOB columns

adding, 12

creating from LONG columns, 2.1.1.8, 12

defining properties

for materialized views, 15

modifying, 12

modifying storage, 12

restricted in joins, 9.6.1

restrictions on, 2.1.1.18

storage characteristics of materialized views, 11

LOB datatypes, 2.1.1.18

LOB storage clause

for partitions, 12

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER TA BLE, 12, 12

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15, 15, 15, 15

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

LOB_storage_clau se

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

LOBs

attributes, initializing, 2.1.1.18

columns

difference from LONG and LONG RAW, 2.1.1.18

populating, 2.1.1.18

external, 2.1.1.18

internal, 2.1.1.18

locators, 2.1.1.18

logging attribute, 16

modifying physical a ttributes, 12

number of bytes manipulated in, 16

saving old versions, 16, 16

saving values in a cache, 12, < a href="statements_7002.htm#sthref5621">16

specifying directories for, 14

storage

attributes, 16

characteristics, 8

in-line, 16

tablespace for

defining, 16

LOCAL clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14, 1 4

local users, 15, 17

LOCAL_LISTENER initialization parameter

setting wit h ALTER SYSTEM, 11

locale independent, 2.4.2.1.2

locally managed tablespaces

a ltering, 12

storage attributes, 8

locally partitioned indexes, 14

LOCALTIMESTAMP function, 7.69

location transparency, 16

LOCK ANY TABLE system privilege, 18

LOCK TABLE statement, 18

LOCK_SGA in itialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

locking

automatic

overriding, 18

locks. See table locks

log data

collection during update operations, 10.2

log file clauses

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

log files

adding, 10.2

dropping, 10.2

modifying, 10.2

registering, 10.2

renaming, 10.2

specifying for the database, 14

LOG function, 7.70

log groups

adding, 12

dropping, 12

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCH IVE_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n initialization parameter

overriding DELAY setting, 10.2

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_n initialization par ameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT initialization param eter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCHIVE_LOCAL_FIRST initialization parameter

setting with AL TER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCHIVE_MIN_SUCCEED_DEST initialization parameter

setti ng with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE initializatio n parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_BUFFER initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SY STEM, 11

LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL initialization paramete r

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_CHECKPOINTS_TO_ALERT initialization param eter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization parameter

setting with ALTE R SYSTEM, 11

LOGFILE clause

OF CREATE DATABASE, 14

LOGFILE GROUP cl ause

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

logging

and redo log size, 8

specifying minimal, 8

supplemental

dropping, 10.2

supplemen tal, adding log groups, 10.2, 12

supplemental, dropping log groups, 10.2, 12

LOGGING clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of ALT ER TABLE, 12

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

of CREATE TABLE, 16

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

logical conditions, 6.4

logical standby database

aborting, 10.2

activating, 10.2

stopping, 10.2

LOGICAL_READS_PER_CALL parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of ALTE R RESOURCE COST, 11

LogMiner

supplemental logging, 10.2, 1 2, 16

LOGMNR_MAX_PERSISTENT_SESSIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

LOGOFF database event

triggers on, 16

LOGON database event

triggers on , 16

LONG columns

and domain indexes, 12

converting to LOB, 2.1.1.8, 12

restrictions on, 2.1.1.8

to store text strings, 2.1.1. 8

to store view definitions, 2.1.1.8

wher e referenced from, 2.1.1.8

LONG datatype, 2.1.1.8

in triggers, 2.1.1.8

LONG RAW datatype, 2.1.1.18

converting from CHAR data, 2.1.1.18

LONG VARGRAPHIC datatype

DB2, 2.1.2 , 2.1.2

SQL/DS, 2.1.2

LOWER function, 7.71

LPAD function, 7.72

LTRIM function, 7.73

---

M

MAKE_REF function, 7.74

MANAGE SCHEDULER system privilege, 18

MANAGE TABLESPACE system privilege, 18

managed recovery

of database, 10.2

wait period of, 10.2

managed standby recovery

as background process, 10.2

overriding delays, 10.2

returning control during, 10.2

terminating automatically, 10.2

terminating existing, 10. 2

MANAGED STANDBY RECOVERY clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

MAP MEMBER clause

of ALTER TYPE, 13

< dd class="l2ix">of CREATE TYPE, 17, 17

MAP methods

defining for a type, 17

specifying, 13

MAPPING TABLE clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12

mapping tables

of index-organized tables, 12, 16

modifying, 12

master databases, 15

master tables, 15

MATCHES condition, 4.1, 6.1

materialized join views, 15

materialized view logs, 15

add ing columns, 11

creating, 15

excluding new values from, 11

loggin g changes to, 11

object ID based, 11

parallelizing creation, 15

p artition attributes, changing, 11

partitioned, 15

physical attributes

specifying, 15

physical attributes, changing, 11

removing from the database, 17

required for fast refresh, 15

rowid based, 11

saving new values in, 11

saving old values in, 15

storage attributes

specifying, 15

materialized views, 15

allowing updat e of, 15

changing from rowid-based to primary-key-based, 11

changing to primary-key-based, 11

complete refresh, 11, 15

compression of, 11, 15

constraints on, 8

creating, 15

creating comments about, 13

degree of parallelism, 11, 11

during creation, 15

enabling and disabling query rewrite, 15

examp les, 15, 15

fast refr esh, 11, 15, 15

forced refresh, 11

grantin g system privileges for, 18

index characteristics

changing, 11

indexes that m aintain, 15

join, 15< /dd>

LOB storage attributes, 11

logging changes t o, 11

master table, dropping, 17

object type, creating, 15

partit ions, 11

compression of, 11, 15

physical attributes, < a href="statements_6002.htm#sthref5018">15

changing, 11

primary key, 15

recording values in master table, 11

query rewrite

eligibility for, 8

enabling and disabling, 11

re-creating during refresh, 11

refresh

u sing trusted constraints, 15

refresh mode

changing, 11

refresh time

changing, 11

refreshing, 10.2

refreshing after DML on master table, 11, 15

refreshing on next COM MIT, 11, 15

removing from the database, 17

restricting scope of, 15

retrieving data from, 19

revalidating, 11

rowid, 15

rowid values

recording in master table, 11

saving blocks in a cache, 11

storage attributes, 15

changing, 11

subquery, 15

suppressing creation of default index, 15

synonyms for, 16

when to populate, 15

for replication, 15, 15

MAX function, 7.75< /a>

MAX_COMMIT_PROPAGATION_DELAY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

MAX_DISPATCHERS initialization par ameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

MAX_DUMP_FILE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

MAX_SHARED_SERVERS initialization parameter< /dd>

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

MAXDATAFILES parameter

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

MAXEXTENTS parameter

of STORAGE clause, 8

MAXINSTANCES parameter

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

OF CREATE DATABASE, 14

MAXLOGFILES parameter

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

MAXLOGHISTORY parameter

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

MAXLOGMEMBERS parameter

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

MAXSIZE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

MAXTRANS parameter

of physical_attribut es_clause, 8

MAXVALUE parameter

< dd class="l2ix">of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

media recovery

avoid on startup, 10.2

designing, 10.2

disabling, 10.2

from specified redo logs, 10.2

of database, 10.2

of datafiles, 10.2

of standby database, 10.2

of tablespaces, 10.2

parallelizing, 10.2

performing ongoing, 10.2

preparing for, 10.2, 10.2

restrictions, 10.2

sustained standby recovery, 10.2

MEDIAN function, 7.76

median values, 7$101

MEMBER clause

of ALTER TYPE, 13

of CREATE TYPE, 17

MEMBER conditions, 6.17

membership conditions, 6.10, 6.17

MERGE PARTITIONS clause< /dd>

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MERGE statement, 18, 18

< dl class="l2ix">

inserts during, 18

updates durin g, 18

merge_insert_clause

of MERGE, 18

methods

overriding a method a supertype, 17

preve nting overriding in subtypes, 17

static, 17

without implementation, 17

< dd class="l1ix">migrated rows

listing, 13

of clusters, 13

MIN function, 7.77

MINEXTENTS parameter

of STORAGE clause, 8

MINIMIZE RECORDS PER BLOCK clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

M INIMUM EXTENT clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

MINUS s et operator, 4.5, 19

MIN VALUE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

MOD function, 7.78

MODE clause

of LOCK TABLE, 18

MODEL clause

of SELEC T, 19, 19

model conditions

IS ANY, 6.12

IS PRESENT, 6.15

model expression, 5.11

model functions, 7.1.5

CV, 7.34

ITERATION_NUMBER, 7.59

PRESENTNNV, 7.105

PRESENTV, 7.106

PREVIOUS, 7.107

MODIFY clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MODIFY CONSTRAINT clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12

of ALTER VIEW, 13

MODIFY DEFAULT ATTRIBUTES clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MODIFY LOB storage clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MODIFY NESTED TABLE clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12

MODIFY PARTITION clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MODIFY scoped_table_ref_constraint c lause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

MODIFY SUBPARTITION clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MODIFY VARRAY clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12

MON datetime format element, 2.4.2.2

MONITORING clause< /dd>

of CREATE TABLE, 16

MONITORING USAGE clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

MONTH datetime format element, 2.4.2.2

MONTHS_BETWEEN function, 7.79

MOUNT clause

< dl class="l2ix">

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

MOVE clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12

MOVE ONLINE clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MOVE PARTITION clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MOVE SUBPARTITION clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

MTS. See shared server

multilevel collections, 16

MULTISET EXCEPT operator, 4.6.1

MULTISET INTERSECT operator, 4.6.2

multiset operators, 4.6

MULTISET EXCEPT, 4.6.1

MULTISET INTERSECT, 4.6.2

MULTISET UN ION, 4.6.3

MULTISET parameter

of CAST function, 7.15

MULTISET UNION operat or, 4.6.3

multitable inserts, 18

conditional, 18

examples, 18

unconditional, 18

multi-threaded server. See shared server

---

N

NAME clause

of SET TRANSACTION, 19

NAMED cla use

of CREATE JAVA, 14

namespaces

and object naming rules, 2.8.1

for nonschema objects, 2.8.1

for sc hema objects, 2.8.1

NANVL function, 7.80

national character set

changing, 10.2

fixed versus variable width, 2.1.1.3

multibyte character data, 2.1.1.22

multibyte character sets, 2.1.1.2, 2.1.1.3

variable-length strings, 2.1.1.3

NATIO NAL CHARACTER SET parameter

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

natural joins, 19

NCHAR d atatype, 2.1.1.2

NCHR function, 7.81

NCLOB datatype, 2.1.1.22

transactional support of, 2.1.1.22

negative scale, 2.1.1.6.2

nested subqueries, 9.7

NESTED TABLE clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

nested tables, 2.1.3.4 , 6.11, 7.103, 7.129

changing returned value, 12

combining, 4.6

compared with varrays, 2.2.6

comparison rules, 2.2.6< /dd>

creating, 17, 17

creating from existing columns, 7.20

defining as in dex-organized tables, 12

determining hierarchy, 6.19

dropping the body of, 18

dropping the specification of, 18

in materialized views , 15, 15

indexing col umns of, 14

modifying, 12 , 13

modifying column properties, 12

multilevel, 16

of scalar types, modifying, 13

storage characteristics of, 12, 16

update in a view, 16

NEW_TIME function, 7.82

NEXT clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 11

NEXT parameter

of STORA GE clause, 8

NEXT_DAY function, 7.83

NEXTVAL pseudocolumn, 3.2, 15

NLS_CALENDAR initialization parameter

s etting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LEN functi on, 7.84

NLS_CHARSET_ID function, 7.85

NLS_CHARSET_NAME function, 7.86

NLS _COMP initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_CURRENCY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_DATE_FORMAT initializa tion parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE initialization parameter, 2.4.2.2

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< dd class="l1ix">NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_INITCAP function, 7.87

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY initialization parameter

setting wi th ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_LANGUAGE initialization paramete r, 2.4.2.2, 9.5

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_LENGTH_SEM ANTICS initialization parameter

overriding, 2.1.1 .1

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10.2, 11, 11, 13, 13

NLS_LOWER function, 7.88

NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS initialization paramet er

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< /dd>

NLS_SORT initialization parameter, 9.5

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_TERRITORY initialization parameter, 2.4.2.2

setting w ith ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT initialization parameter

setting w ith ALTER SYSTEM, 11

NLS_UPPER function, 7.90

NLSPG041, 7.89

NLSSORT function, 7.89

NO FORCE LOGGING clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

of ALTER TABLESPACE , 12

NOARCHIVELOG clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

OF CREATE DATABAS E, 10.2, 14

NOAUDIT statement, 18

NOCACHE clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW , 11

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11, 11

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQU ENCE

of ALTER TABLE, 16

of CREATE CLUSTER, < a href="statements_5001.htm#sthref4476">14

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

NOCOMPRESS clause

of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2

of CREATE INDEX, 14

of CREATE TABLE, 16

NOCOPY clause

of CREATE FUNCTION, < a href="statements_5009.htm#sthref4732">14

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15

NOCYCLE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See C REATE SEQUENCE, 11

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

NOFORCE clause

of CREATE JAVA, 14

of CREATE VIEW, 17

NOLOGGING mode

and force logging mode, 8

for nonpartitioned objects, 8

for partitioned objects, 8

NOMAXVALUE parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

NOMINIMIZE RECORDS PER BLOCK clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

NOMINVALUE parame ter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

NOMONITORING clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

NOMONITORING USAGE clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

NONE clause

of SET RO LE, 19

nonempty subsets of, 7.103

nonequivalency tests, 6.10

nonpadded comparison semantics, 2.2.3

nonschema objects

list of, 2.7.2

namespaces, 2.8.1

NOORDER parameter

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE, 11

of CREA TE SEQUENCE, 15

NOPARALLEL clause

of CREATE INDEX, 8, 16

NORELY clause

of constraints, 8

NORESETLOGS clause

of CREATE CONTROLFILE, 14

NOREVERSE parameter

of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2, 1 0.2

NOROWDEPENDENCIES clause

of CREATE CLUSTER, 14

of CREATE TABLE, 16

NOSORT clause

of ALTER INDEX, 14

NOT condition, 6.4, 6.4

NOT DEFERRABLE clause

of constraints, < a href="clauses002.htm#sthref2101">8

NOT FINAL clause

of CREATE TYPE, 17

NOT IDENTIFIED clause

of ALTER ROLE. See CREATE ROLE

of CREATE ROLE, 15

NOT IN subqueries

converting to NOT EXISTS subqueries, 7.68

NOT INSTANTIABLE clause

< dd>

of CREATE TYPE, 17, 17

NOT NULL clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

NOWAIT clause

of LOCK TABLE, 18

NTILE function, 7.91

null, 2.5

difference from zero, 2.5

in conditions, 2.5.3

table of, 2.5.3

in functions, 2.5.1

with comparison conditions, 2.5.2

null conditions, 6.6

NULLIF function, 7.92

< dl class="l2ix">

as a form of CASE expression, 7.92

NUMBER datatype, 2.1.1.6

converting to VARCHAR2, 2.4.1

precision, 2.1.1.6

scale, 2.1.1.6

number format models, 2.4.1

number functions, 7.1.1.1

numbers

comparison rules, 2.2.1

floating-point, 2.1.1.6, 2.1.1.7

in SQL syntax, 2.3.2

precision of, 2.3.2.2

rounding, 2.1.1.6.2

spelling out, 2.4.2.5

syntax of, 2.3.2.2

numeric precedence, 2.1.1.8

NUMTODSINTERVAL function, 7.93

NUMTOYMINTERVAL function, 7.94

NVARCHA R2 datatype, 2.1.1.3

NVL function, 7.95

NVL2 function, 7.96

---

O

O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY ini tialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

object access expressions, 5.9

OBJECT IDENTIFIER clause

of CREATE TABLE, 1 6

object identifiers

contained in REFs, 2.1.3.2

of object views, 17

< dd class="l2ix">primary key, 16

specifying, 16, 17

specifying an index on, 16

system-generated, 16

object instances

types of, 6.14

object privileges

DEBUG, 18

FLASHBACK, 18

gran ting, 15

multiple, 15

on specific columns, 18

on a database object

revoking, 18

ON COMMIT REFRESH, 18

QUERY R EWRITE, 18

revoking, 18

from a role, 18, 18

from a user, 18, 18

from PUBLIC, 18

UNDER, 18

object reference functions, 7.1.4

object tables

adding rows to, 18

as part of hierarchy, 16

creating, 16, 16

querying, 16

system-generated column name , 16, 16, 17, 17

updating to latest version, 12

upgrading, 12

object type columns

defining properties

for materialized views, 15, 15

in a type hierarchy, 16

membership in hi erarchy, 12

modifying properties

for tables, 12, 12

substitutability, 12

object type mat erialized views

creating, 15

object types, 2.1.3.1

addi ng methods to, 13

adding new member subprograms, 13

allowing object instances of, 17

allowing subtypes, 17

and subtypes, 13

and supertypes, 13

attributes, 2.9.5

in a type hie rarchy, 16

membership in hierarchy, 12

substitutability, 12

bodies

creating, 17

re-creating, 17

SQL examples, 17

comparison rules, 2.2.5

MAP function, 2.2.5

ORDER function, 2.2.5

compiling the specification and body, 13

components of, 2.1.3.1

creating, 17, 17

defining member methods of, 17

disassociating statistics typ es from, 18

dropping methods from, 13

dropping the body of, 18

dr opping the specification of, 18

function subprogram

declaring, 17

function su bprograms, 13, 17

gra nting system privileges for, 18

handling dependent types, 13

identifiers, 3.4

incomplete, 17, 17

inheritance, 17

invalidating dependent types, 13

MAP methods, 17

methods, 2.9.5

nested table, 17

ORDER methods, 17

privi leges on subtypes, 18

procedure subprogram

declaring, 17

procedure subprogram s, 13, 17

references to. See REFs

root, specifying, 17

S QL examples, 17

static methods of, 17

statistics types, 13

subtyp es, specifying, 17

top-level, 17

user-defined

creating, 17

values

comparing, 17, 17, 17

values of, 3.5

varrays, 17

object views, 17

base tables

adding rows, 18

creating, 17

creating subviews, 17

defining, 17

querying, 17

OBJECT_ CACHE_MAX_SIZE_PERCENT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OBJECT_CACHE_OPTIMAL_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OBJECT_ID pseudocolumn, 3.4, 16, 16, 17, 17

OBJECT_VALUE pseudocolumn, 3.5

object s. See object types or database objects

ODCIIndexInsert method

indextype support of, 10.2, 14

OF clause

of CREATE VIEW, 17

OFFLINE clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

OIDINDEX clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

OIDs. See object identifiers

OLAP_PAGE_POOL_SI ZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

ON clause

of CREATE OUTLINE, 15

ON COMMIT clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

ON COMMIT REFRESH object privilege, 18

on a materialized view, 18

ON COMMIT REFRESH system privilege, 18

ON DATABASE clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

ON DEFAULT clause

of AUD IT, 13

of NOAUDIT, 18

ON DELETE CASCADE clause

of constraints, 8

ON DELETE SET NULL clause

of constraints, 8

ON DIRECTORY clause

of AUDIT, 13

of NOAUDIT, 18

ON NESTED TABLE clause

of CRE ATE TRIGGER, 16

ON object clause

of NOAUDIT, 18

of REVOKE, 18

ON PREBUILT TABLE clause

o f CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

ON SCHEMA clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

online backup

of tablespaces, ending, 12

ONLINE clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

of CREATE INDEX, 14

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

online indexes, 14

rebuilding, 12

ONLINE parameter

of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2

online redo logs

reinitializing, 10.2

OPEN clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

O PEN READ ONLY clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

OPEN READ WRITE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

OPEN_CURSORS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OPEN_L INKS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OPEN_LINKS_PER_INSTANCE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

operands, 4

operating system files

dropping, 18

removing, 10.2

operators, 4

adding to indextypes, 10.2

altering, 11

arithmetic, 4.2

binary, 4.1.1

comments on, 13

concatenation, 4.3

CONNECT_BY_ROOT, 4.4.2

dropping from indextypes, 10.2

granting

system privileges for, 18

MULTISET EXCEPT, 4.6.1

MULTISET INTERSE CT, 4.6.2

MULTISET UNION, 4.6.3

precedence, 4.1.2

PRIOR, 4.4.1

set, 4.5, 19

specifying implementation of, 15

unary, 4.1.1

user-defined, 4 .7

binding to a function, 11, 15

creating, 15

dropping, 17

how bindings are implemented, 15

implementation type, 15

return type of binding, 15

user-defined, co mpiling, 11

OPTIMAL parameter

of STORAGE clause, 8

OPTIMIZER_DYNAMIC_SAM PLING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OPTIMIZER_IND EX_CACHING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OPTIMIZER_INDEX_COST_ADJ initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OPTIMIZER _MODE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OR condition, 6.4, 6.4

OR REPLACE clause

of CREATE CONTEXT, 14

of CREATE DIRECTORY, 14

of CREATE FUNCTION, 14, 14

of CREATE LIBRARY, 15

of CREATE OUTLI NE, 15

of CREATE PACKAGE, 15

of CREATE PACKAGE BODY, 15

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

of CREATE TYPE, 17

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17

of CREATE VIEW, 17

ORA_HASH function, 7.97

ORA_ROWSCN pseudocolumns, 3.6

Oracle Call Interface, 1.7

Oracle Expression Filter

conditions, 6.1

operators, 4.1

Oracle reserved words, D

Oracle Text

built-in conditions, 4.1, 6.1

CATSEARCH, 4.1, 6.1

CONTAINS, 4.1, 6.1

MATCHES, 4.1, 6.1

Oracle Tools

support of SQL, 1.7

Oracle9i Text

creating domain indexes, 14

ORDER BY clause

of q ueries, 9.5

of SELECT, 9.5, 19, 19

with ROWNUM, 3.8

ORDER clause

of ALTER SEQUENCE. See CREATE SEQUENCE

ORDER MEMBER cla use

of ALTER TYPE, 13

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17

ORDER methods

defining for a type, 17

specifying, 13

ORDER parameter

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

ORDER SIBLINGS BY clause

of SELECT, 19

ordinal numbers

specifying, 2.4.2.5

< dd class="l2ix">spelling out, 2.4.2.5

ORDSYS.ORDAudio dat atype, 2.1.8.1

ORDSYS.ORDDoc datatype, 2.1.8.5

ORDSYS.ORDImage datatype, 2.1.8.2

ORDSYS.ORDImageSignature datatype, 2.1.8.3

ORDSYS.ORDV ideo datatype, 2.1.8.4

ORDSYS.SI_AverageColor datatype, 2.1.8.8

ORDSYS.SI_Color datatype, 2.1. 8.7

ORDSYS.SI_ColorHistogram datatype, 2.1.8.9

ORDSYS.SI_FeatureList datatype, 2.1.8.12

ORDSYS.SI_Positional ColorHistogram datatype, 2.1.8.10

ORDSYS.SI_StillImage datatype, 2.1.8.6

ORDSYS.SI_Texture datatype, 2.1.8.11

ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

ORGA NIZATION HEAP clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

ORGANIZATION INDEX clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OS_ROL ES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OSM_DISKGROUPS initialization parameter

s etting with ALTER SYSTEM, 10.2, 11, 14

OSM_DISKSTRING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11, 14

OSM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

OUT parameter

< dl class="l2ix">

of CREATE FUNCTION, 14

of CREATE PROCEDURE, 15

outer joins, 9.6.6

restrictions, 9.6.6

< /dd>

outlines

assign to a different category, 11

assigning to a different category, 11, 11

copying, 15

creating, 15

creating on statements, 15

dropping from the database, 17

enabling and disabling dynamically, 15

for use b y current session, 15

for use by PUBLIC, 15

granting

system privileges for, 18

private, use by the optimizer, 11

rebuilding, 11, 11

recompiling, 11

renaming, 11, 11, 11

replacing, 15

storing during the ses sion, 11

storing groups of, 15

use by the optimizer, 11

use to ge nerate execution plans, 11

used to generate execution plans, 15

out-of-line constraints

of CREATE TABLE, 16

OVER clause

of analytic functions, 7.1.3

OVERFLOW clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE TABLE, 16

OVERRIDING clause

of ALTER TYPE, 13

of CREATE TYPE, 17

---

P

package bodies

creating, 15

re-creating, 15

removing from t he database, 17

packaged procedures

dropping, 17

packages

associating statistics with, 13, 13

creating, 15

di sassociating statistics types from, 17

invoker rights, 15

redefining, 15

removing from the database, 17

specifying schema and privi leges of, 15

synonyms for, 16

PARALLEL clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2, 10.2

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11, 11

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE CLUSTER, 14

of CREATE INDEX, 14

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15, 15

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15, 15

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

parallel execution

of DDL statements, 11

of DML statemen ts, 11

PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER initialization param eter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PARALLEL_ENABLE clause

of CREATE FUNCTION, 14

PARALLEL_EXECUTION_MESSAGE_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PARALLEL_INSTANCE_GROUP initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PARALLEL_MIN_PERCENT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

P ARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

parameter files

crea ting, 15

parameters

in syntax

optional, A.1.2

required, A.1.1

PARAMETERS clause

< dd>

of CREATE INDEX, 14

PARTITION ... LOB storage clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

PARTITION BY HASH clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

PARTITION BY LIST clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

PARTITION BY RANGE cl ause

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

PARTITION clause

of ANALY ZE, 13

of CREATE INDEX, 1 4

of CREATE TABLE, 16

of DELETE, 17

of INSERT, 18

of LOCK TABLE, 18

of UPDATE, 19

partition_storage_clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

partitioned indexes, 2.9.4, 14, 14, 14

local, creating, 14

user-defined, 14

partitioned index-organized tables

secondary indexes, updating, 10.2

partitioned tables, 2.9.4

partition-extended table names

in DML statements, 2.9.4

restrictions on, 2.9.4

syntax, 2.9.4

partitioning

by range, 16

clauses

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of materialized view logs, 11, 15

of materialized views, 11, 15, 15

partitions

adding, 12< /dd>

adding rows to, 18

allocating extents for, < a href="statements_3001.htm#sthref3784">12

based on literal values, 16

composite

specifying, 16

converting into nonpartitioned tables, 12

deallocating unused space from, 12

dropping, 12

exchanging with tables, 12

extents

allocating for an index, 10.2

hash

adding, 12

coalescing, 12

specifying, 16

index, 14

inserting rows into, 18

list , adding, 12

LOB storage characteristics of, 12

locking, 18

loggi ng attribute, 16

logging insert operations, 12

merging, 12

modify ing, 12, 12

moving to a different segment, 12

physical attributes

changing, 12

range

adding, 12

specifying, 16

removing rows from, 12< /a>, 17

renaming, 12< /dd>

revising values in, 19

splitting, 12

storage characteristics, 8

tablespace for

defining, 16

PASSWORD EXPIRE clause

of ALTER USER. Se e CREATE USER

of CREATE USER, 17

PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

PASSW ORD_LOCK_TIME parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

PASSWORD_R EUSE_MAX parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

PASSWORD_REUSE_ TIME parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUN CTION parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

< dd class="l2ix">of CREATE PROFILE, 15

passwords

expiration of, 17

grace perio d, 15

guaranteeing complexity, 15

limiting use and reuse, 15

lock ing, 15

making unavailable, 15

parameters

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

special characters in, 15

PATH_VIEW, 6.8, 6.20

PCT_ACCESS_DIRECT statistics

for index-organized tables, 13

PCTFREE parameter

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See CREATE TABLE.

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See CREATE TABLE.

of CREAT E TABLE, 8

PCTINCREASE parameter

of STORAGE clause, 8

PCTTHRESHOLD parameter< /dd>

of CREATE TABLE, 16

PCTUSED parameter

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10 .2

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIA LIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE INDEX. See CREATE TABLE

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW L OG. See CREATE TABLE.

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW. See CREATE TABLE.

of CREATE TABLE, 8

PCTVERSION parameter

of LOB storage, 16

of LOB storage clause, 12

PERCENT_RANK function, 7.99

PERCENTILE_CONT function, 7.100

PERCENTILE_DISC function, 7$101

PERMANENT clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

PGA_AGG REGATE_TARGET initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

physical attributes clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of CREATE CLUSTER, 14

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16< /dd>

physical standby database

activating, 10.2

PIPELINED clause

of CREA TE FUNCTION, 14

plan stability, 15

PLAN_TABLE sample table, 18

PL/SQL

program body

of CREATE FUNCT ION, 14

PL/SQL compiler

parameters, 10.2, 11 , 13, 13

PL SQL_CODE_TYPE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PLSQL_DEBUG initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PLSQL_DEBUG session parameter, 11

PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_DIR initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PLSQL_NATIVE_LIBRARY_SUBDIR_COUNT initialization parameter

setting wit h ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL initialization p arameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PLSQL_V2_COMPATIBILITY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

PLSQL_WARNINGS initialization paramete r

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

P.M. datetime format element, 2.4.2.2, 2.4.2.2

POSIX regular expression standard, C

POWER function, 7.102

POWERMULTISET function, 7.103

POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINALITY function, 7.104

PRAGMA clause

of ALTER TYPE, 13

of CREATE TYPE, 17, 17

PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 13

PRE_PAGE_SGA initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

precedence

of conditions, 6.1.1

of numbers, 2.1.1.8

of operators, 4.1.2

pr ecision

number of digits of, 2.3.2.2

of NUMBER datatype, 2.1.1.6

precompilers, < a href="intro007.htm#sthref30">1.7

PREPARE TO SWITCHOVER clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

PRESENTNNV function, 7.105

PRESENTV function, 7.106

PREVIOUS function, 7.107

PRIMARY KEY clause

of constraints, 8

of CREATE TABLE, 16

primary key constraints, 8

enabling, 16

index on, 16

primary keys

generating values for, 15

PRIOR cl ause

of hierarchical queries, 9.3

PRIOR operator, 4.4.1

PRIVATE clause

of CREATE OUTLINE, 15

priv ate outlines

use by the optimizer, 11

< /dl>

PRIVATE_SGA parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

of ALTER RESOURCE COST, 11

privileges

on subtypes of object types, 18

revoking from a grantee, 18

See also system privileges or object privileges

procedures

< dd class="l2ix">3GL, calling, 15

avoid run-time compilation, 11

calling, 13

compile explicitly, 11

creating, 15, 15

declaring

as a Java method, 15

as C functions, 15

executing, 13

external, 15, 15

running from remote database, 15

granting

system privileges for, 1 8

invalidating local objects dependent on, 17

< dd class="l2ix">issuing COMMIT or ROLLBACK statements, 11

naming r ules, 2.8.1

privileges executed with, 13, 17

recompiling, 11

re-creating, 15

removing f rom the database, 17

schema executed in, 13, 17

specifying schema and privileges for, < a href="statements_6009.htm#sthref5217">15

synonyms for, 16

PROCESSES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYST EM, 11

PROFILE clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER, 17< /a>

profiles

adding resource limits, 11

assigning to a user, 17

changing resource limits, 11

creating, 15

examples, 15< /dd>

deassigning from users, 17

droppin g resource limits, 11

granting

system privileges for, 18

modifying, examples, 11

removing from the database, 17

proxy clause

of ALTER USER, 13, 13

pseudocolumns, 3

CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE, 3.1.1

CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF, 3.1.2

CURRVAL, 3.2

hierarchical queries, 3.1

LEVEL, 3.1.3

NEXTVAL, 3.2

OBJECT_ID, 3.4, 16, 16, 17, 17

OBJECT_VALUE, 3.5

ORA_ROWSCN, 3.6

ROWID, 3.7

ROWNUM, 3.8

uses for, 3.8

versions queries, 3.3

XMLDATA, 3.9

PUBLIC clause

of CREATE OUTLINE, 15

of CREATE SYNONYM, 16

of DROP DATABASE LINK, 17

public database links< /dd>

dropping, 17

public synonyms, 16

dropping, 18

PURGE statement, 18

---

Q

queries, 9.1, 19

comments in, 9.2

compound, 9.5

correlated

left correlation, 19

defined, 9.1

distributed, 9.10

grouping returned rows on a value, 19

hierarchical. See hierarchical queries

hier archical, ordering, 19

hints in, 9.2

join, 9.6, 19

locking rows during, 19

multiple versions of rows, 19

of past data, 19

ordering returned rows, 19

outer joins in, 19

referencing multiple tables, 9.6

select lists of, 9.2

selecti ng from a random sample of rows, 19

sorting results, 9.5

syntax, 9.1

top-l evel, 9.1

top-N, 3.8

< /dl>

query rewrite

and dimensions, 14

defined, 19

QUER Y REWRITE object privilege, 18

on a materia lized view, 18

QUERY REWRITE system privilege, 18

QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

QUERY_ REWRITE_INTEGRITY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

QUIESCE RESTRICTED clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

QUOTA clause

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREATE USER, 17

---

R

range conditions, 6.5

range partitions

adding, 12

creating, < a href="statements_7002.htm#sthref5591">16

values of, 16

< /dl>

RANK function, 7.108

RATIO_TO_REPORT funct ion, 7.109

RAW datatype, 2.1. 1.18

converting from CHAR data, 2.1.1.18

RAWTOHEX function, 7.110

RAWTONHEX f unction, 7.111

RDBMS_SERVER_DN initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

READ object privilege, 18

on a materi alized directory, 18

READ ONLY clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

READ WRITE clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

READ_ONLY_OPEN_DELAYED initialization parameter

setting with A LTER SYSTEM, 11

REBUILD clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER OUTLINE, 11

REBUILD PARTITION clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

REBUILD SUBPARTITION clau se

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

REBUILD UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

RECOVER AUTOMATIC clause

of A LTER DATABASE, 10.2

RECOVER CANCEL clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RECOVER clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

RECOVER CONTINUE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RECOVER DATABASE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RECOVER DATA FILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RECOVER LOGFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

RECOVER STANDBY DATAFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RECOVER STANDBY TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RECOVER TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RECOVERABLE, 10.2, 16

See also LOGGING clause

recovery

discarding data, 10.2

distributed, enabling, 11

instance, continue after interruption, 10.2

media, designing, 10.2

media, performing ongoing, 10.2

of database, 10.2

parallelizing, 10.2

recovery clauses

< dd>

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER role, 18

RECOVERY_PARALLELISM initia lization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 1 1

recycle bin

purging objects from, 18

redo log files

specifyin g, 8

specifying for a controlfile, 14

redo logs, 10.2

adding, 10.2, 10.2

applying to logical standby database, 10.2

archive location, 11

automatic archiving, 11

starting, 11

stopping, 11

automatic name generation, 10.2, 10.2

clearing, 10.2

disabling specified threads in a cluster database, 10.2

dropping, 10.2, 10.2

enabling and disabling thread, 10.2

enabling specified threads in a cluster database, 10.2

manual archiving, 11

all, 11

by group number, 11

by SCN, 11

current, 11

next, 11

with sequence numbers, 11

members

adding to existing groups, 10.2

dropping, 10.2

renaming, 10.2

remove changes from, 10.2

reusing, 8

size of, 8

specifying , 8, 14

for media recovery, 10.2

specifying archive mode, < a href="statements_5004.htm#sthref4588">14

switching groups, 11

threads, 11

REF columns

rescoping, 11

specifying, 16

specifying from table or column, 16

REF constraints

defining scope, for mater ialized views, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

REF function, 7.112

R EFERENCES clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

REFERENCES object privilege, 18

on a table, 18

on a view, 18

REFERENCING clause

of CREATE TRIG GER, 16, 16

referential integrity constraints, 8

REFRESH clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

REFRESH COMPLETE clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

< /dl>

REFRESH FAST clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

REFRESH FORCE clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

REFRESH ON COMMIT clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED V IEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

REFRESH ON DEMAND clause

of ALTER MAT ERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

REFs, 2.1.3.2, 8

as containers for OIDs, 2.1.3.2

dangling, 13

updating, 13

validating, 13

REFTOHEX function, 7.113

REGISTER clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

REGISTER LOGFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

REGR_AVGX function, 7.117

REGR_AVGY function, 7.117

REGR_COUNT function, 7.117

REGR_INTERCEPT function, 7.117

REGR_R2 function, 7.117

REGR_SLOPE function, 7.117

REGR_SXX function, 7.117

REGR_SXY function, 7.117

REGR_SYY function, 7.117

regular expressions

multilingu al syntax, C.1

operators, multilingual enhancements, C.2

Oracle support of, C

relational tables

creating, 16, 16

RELY clause

of constraints, 8

REMAINDER function, 7.118

REMOTE_ARCHIVE_ENABLE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

REMOTE_DEPENDENCIES _MODE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

REMOTE_LISTENER initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFI LE initialization parameter

and control files, 14

and databases, 14

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

REMOTE_OS_ROLES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

RENAME clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER OUTLINE, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

o f ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

of ALTER TRIGGER, 13

RENAME CONSTRAINT clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

RENAME DATAFILE clause

of ALTER TABLESPACE, 12

RENAME FI LE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

RENAME GLOBAL_NAME clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

RENAME PARTITION cla use

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

RENAME statement, 18

RENAME SUBPARTITION clause

of ALT ER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

REPLACE AS OBJECT clause

of ALTER TYPE, 13

REPLACE function, 7.119

replication

row-level dependency tracking, 14, 16

REPLICATION_DEPEN DENCY_TRACKING initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

reserved words, 2.8.1, D

RESET COMPATIBILITY clause

of ALT ER DATABASE, 10.2

reset sequence of, 10.2

RESETLOGS parameter

of CREATE CONTR OLFILE, 14

RESOLVE clause

of ALTER JAVA CLASS, 10.2

of CREATE JAVA, 14

RESOLVER clause

o f ALTER JAVA CLASS, 10.2

of ALTER JAVA SOURCE, 10.2

of CREATE JAVA, 14

< dd class="l1ix">Resource Manager, 11

resource parameters

of CREATE PROFILE, 15

RESOURCE role, 18

RESOURCE_LIMIT initialization parameter

< dd>

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, < a href="statements_2013.htm#sthref3572">11

RESOURCE_VIEW, 6 .8, 6.20

RESTRICT_REFERENCES pragma

of ALTER TYPE, 13

restricted rowids, 2.1.1.23

compatibility and migration of, 2.1.1.25

RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege, 18, 18

resumable space allocation, 11

RESUMABLE system privilege, 18

RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

RESUME clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

RETENTION param eter

of LOB storage, 16

RETURN clause

of CREATE FUNCTION, 14

of CREATE OPERATOR, 15

of CREATE TYPE , 17

of CREATE TYPE BODY, 17

RETURNING clause

of DELETE, 17

of INSERT, 18, 18

of UPDATE, 19, 19

REUSE clause

of CREATE CONTROLFI LE, 14

of file specifications, 8

REUSE SETTINGS clause

of ALTER FUNCTION, 10.2

of ALTER PROCEDURE, 11

of ALTER TRIGGER, 13

of ALTER TYPE, 13

REVERSE clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14

reverse indexes, 14

REVERSE parameter

of ALTER INDEX ... RE BUILD, 10.2, 10.2

REVOKE clause

of ALTER USER, 13

REVOKE CONNECT THROUGH clause

of ALTER USER, 13, 13

REVOKE statement, < a href="statements_9020.htm#sthref7081">18

right outer joins, 19< /a>

RNDS attribute

of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17

RNPS attribute

of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17

roles

AQ_ADMINISTRATOR_ROLE, 18

AQ_USER_ROLE, 18

authorization

by a passw ord, 15

by an external service, 15

by the database, 15

by the ent erprise directory service, 15

changing, 11

CONNECT, 18

creating, 15

DBA, 18< /dd>

DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE, 18

disabling

for the current session, 19, 19

enabling

for the current sessi on, 19, 19

EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE, 18

EXP_FULL_DATABASE, 18

granting, 18

system privileges for, 18

to a user, 18

to another role, 18

to PUBLIC, 18

HS_ADMIN_ROLE, 18

identifying by password, 15

identifying externally, 15

identifying through enterprise directory service, 15

identifying using a package, 15

IMP_FULL_DATABASE, 18

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER, 18

removing from th e database, 17

RESOURCE, 18

revoking, 18

f rom another role, 17, 18

from PUBLIC, 18

from users, 17, 18

SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE, 18

SNMPAGENT, 18

rollback segments

granting

syste m privileges for, 18

removing from the database, 17

specifying optimal size of, 8< /dd>

ROLLBACK statement, 18

rollback un do, 11, 14

ROLLBACK_S EGMENTS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

ROLLUP clause

of SELECT statements, 19

ROUND function

date function, 7.121

format models, 7.207

number function, 7.120

routines

calling, 13

executing, 13

ROW EXCLUSIVE lock mode, 18

ROW SHARE lock mode, 18

ROW_NUMBER function, 7.122

ROWDEPENDENCIES clause

of CREATE CLUSTER, 14

of CREATE TABLE, 16

ROWID datatype, 2.1.1.22

ROWID pseudocolumn, 2.1.1.22, 2.1.1.26, 3.7

rowids

block portion of, 2.1.1.23

description of, 2.1.1.22

extended, 2.1.1.24

base 64, 2.1.1.24

not directly available, 2.1.1.24

file portion of, 2.1.1.23

nonphysical, 2.1.1.26

of foreign tables, 2.1.1.26

of index-organized tables, 2.1.1.26

restricted, 2.1.1.23

compatibility and migration of, 2.1.1.25

row portion of, 2.1.1.23

uses for, 3.7

ROWIDTOCHAR functi on, 7.123

ROWIDTONCHAR function, 7.124

row-level dependency tracking, 14, 16

ROWNUM pseudocolumn, 3.8

uses for, 3.8

rows

adding to a table, 18

all owing movement of between partitions, 16

inserting

into partitions, 18

into remote data bases, 18

into subpartitions, 18

movement between partitions, 16

removing

from a cluster, 19

from a table, 19

from partitions and subpartiti ons, 17

from tables and views, 17

selecting in hierarchical order, 9.3

specifying constraints on, 8

storing if in violation of cons traints, 12

RPAD function, 7.125

RR datetime format element, 2.4.2.4

RTRIM function, 7.126

run-time compilation

avoiding, 11, 13

---

S

SAMPLE clause

of SELECT, 19

of SELECT and subqueries, 19

S AVEPOINT statement, 19

savepoints

erasing, 13

rolling back to, 18, 18

specifying, 19

scalar subqueries, 5.10

scalar subquery expressions, 5.10

scale

greater than precision, 2.1.1.6.3

nega tive, 2.1.1.6.2

of NUMBER datatype, 2.1.1.6

SCHEMA clause

of CREATE JAVA, 14

schema objects, 2.7. 1

auditing

options, 13

defining default buffer pool for, 8< /a>

dropping, 18

in other schemas, 2.9.2

list of, 2.7.1

name resolution, 2.9.1

namespaces, 2.8.1

naming

examples, 2.8.2

guidelines, 2.8.3

rules, 2.8.1

object types, 2.1.3.1

on remote databases, 2.9.3

partitioned indexes, 2.9.4

partitioned tables, 2.9.4

parts of, 2.8

protecting location, 16

protecting owner, 16

providing alternate names for, 16

reauthorizing, 10.1.1

recompiling, 10.1.1

referring to, 2.9, 11

remote, accessing, 14

validating structure, 13

schemas

changing for a session, 11

creating, 15

definition of, 2.7.1

scientific notation, 2.4.1.1

SCOPE FOR clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

SDO_GEOMETRY datatype, 2.1.7

SDO_GEORASTER datatype, 2.1.7

security

enforcing, 16

segment attributes clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

SEGMENT MANAGEMEN T clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

segments

space management

automatic, 16

manual, 16

using bitmaps, 16

using free lists , 16

table

compacting, 10.2, 11, 11, 12

SELECT ANY DICT IONARY system privilege, 18

SELECT ANY SEQUENCE system privilege, 18

SELECT ANY TABLE system privilege, 18

select lists, 9.2

ordering, 9.5

SELECT object privilege, 18

on a materialized view, 18

on a sequence, 18

on a table, 18

on a view, 18< /a>

SELECT statement, 9.1, 19

SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE role, 18

self joins, 9.6.3

semijoins, 9.6.8< /a>

sequences, 3.2, 15

accessing values of, 15

changing

the increment value, 11

< /dl>

creating, 15

creating without limit, 15

granting

system priv ileges for, 18

guarantee consecutive values, 15

how to use, 3.2.2

increment value, setting, 15

incrementing, 15

initial value, setting, 15

maximum value

eliminating, 1 1

setting, 15

setting or changing, 11

minimum value

eliminating, 11

setting, 15

setting or changing, 11

nu mber of cached values, changing, 11

ordering values, 11

preallocating values, 15

< dd class="l2ix">recycling values, 11

removing from the database, < a href="statements_9001.htm#sthref6349">18

renaming, 18

< dd class="l2ix">restarting, 18

at a differe nt number, 11

at a predefined limit, 15

values, 15

reus ing, 15

stopping at a predefined limit, 15

synonyms for, 16

where to use, 3.2.1

SERIAL_REUSE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< dd class="l1ix">server parameter files

creating, 15

SERVERERROR event

triggers on, 16, 16

service name

of remote database, 14

SERVICE_NAMES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

session control statements, 1 0.1.4

PL/SQL support of, 10.1.4

session locks

releasing, 11

session parameters

changing settings, 11

INSTANCE, 11

PLSQL_DEBUG, 11

SESSION_CACHED_CURSORS initiali zation parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11< /a>

SESSION_MAX_OPEN_FILES initialization parameter

sett ing with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SESSION_ROLES view, 19

sessions

calculating resour ce cost limits, 11

changing resource cost limits, 11

disconnecting, 11

granting

system privileges for, 18

limiting CPU time, 11

limiting data block reads, 11

limiting inactive periods, 11

limiting private SGA space, 11

limiting resource costs, 11

limiting total elapsed tim e, 11

limiting total resources, 11

modifying characteristics of, 11

restricting, 11

restricting to privileged users, 11

switching to a different instance, 1 1

terminating, 11

time zone setting, 11

SESSIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SES SIONS_PER_USER parameter

of ALTER PROFILE, 11

SESSIONTIMEZONE function, 7.128

SE T clause

of ALTER SESSION, 11

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SET conditions, 6.11

SET CONSTRAINT(S) statement, 19

SET DANGLING TO NULL clause

of ANALYZE, 13

SET DATABASE clause

of CREATE C ONTROLFILE, 14

SET function, 7.129

set operators, 4.5, 19

INTERSECT, 4.5

MINUS, 4.5

UNION, 4.5

UNION ALL, 4.5

SET ROLE statement, 19

SET STANDBY DATABASE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

SET STATEMENT_ID clau se

of EXPLAIN PLAN, 18

SET TIME_ZONE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

of ALTER SESSION, 11

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

SET TRANSACTION statement, 19

SET UNUSED clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

SGA. See system global area (SGA)

SGA_MAX_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SGA_TARGET initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SHADOW_CORE_DUMP initialization parameter

se tting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE lock mod e, 18

SHARE UPDATE lock mode, 18

SHARED clause

of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14

shared pool

flushing, < a href="statements_2013.htm#sthref3383">11

shared server

processes

creating additional, 11

terminating, 11

system parameters, 11

SHARED_MEMORY_ADDRESS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SHARED_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter

< dl class="l2ix">

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SHARED_SERVERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SHRINK SPACE clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER MATER IALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

SHUTDOWN clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SHUTDOWN event

triggers on, 16

siblings

ordering in a hierarchical query, 19

S IGN function, 7.130

simple comparison conditions, 6.2.1

simple expressions, 5.2

SIN function, 7.131

SINGLE TABLE clause

of CREATE CLUSTER, 14

single-row functions, 7.1.1

miscellaneous, 7.1.1.7

single-table insert, 18< /a>

SINH function, 7.132

SIZE clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2

of CREAT E CLUSTER, 14

of file specifications, 8

SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES session parameter, 11

SMTP_OUT_SERVER initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SNMPAGENT role, 18

SOME operator, 6.2

SORT_AREA_RETAINED_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SORT_AREA_SI ZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SOUNDEX function, 7.133

SP datetime format element suffix, 2.4.2.5

special characters

in passwords, 15

spelled numbers

specifying, 2.4.2.5

< /dl>

SPFILE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SPLIT PARTITION clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12

SPTH datetime format element suffix, 2.4.2.5

SQL functions

ABS, 7.2

ACOS, 7.3

ADD_MONTHS, 7.4

aggregate, 7.1.2

analytic, 7.1.3

applied to LOB columns, 7.1

ASCII, 7.5

ASCIISTR, 7.6

ASIN, 7.7

ATAN, 7.8

ATAN2, 7.9< /a>

AVG, 7.10

BFILENAME, 7.11

BIN_TO_NUM, 7.12

BITAN D, 7.13

CARDINALITY, 7.14

CAST, 7.15

CEIL, 7.16

character

returning character values, 7.1.1.2

returning number values, 7.1.1.3

CHARTOROWID, 7.17

CHR, 7.18

COALESCE, 7.19

COLLECT, 7.20

COMPOSE, 7.21< /a>

CONCAT, 7.22

conversion, 7.1.1.5

CONVERT, 7.23

C ORR, 7.24

CORR_K, 7.25.2

CORR_S, 7.25.1

COS, 7.26

COSH, 7.27

COUNT, 7.28

COVAR_POP, 7.29

COVAR_SAMP, 7.30

CUME_DIST, 7.31

CURRRENT_DATE, 7.32

CURRRENT_TIMESTA MP, 7.33

CV, 7.34

date, 7.1.1.4

DBTIMEZONE, 7.35

DECOMPOSE, 7.37

DENSE_RANK, 7.38

DEREF, 7.40

DUMP, 7.41

EMPTY_BLOB, 7.42

EMPTY_CLOB, 7.42

EXISTSNODE, 7.43

EXP, 7.44

EXTRACT (datetime), 7.45

EXTRACT (XML), 7.46

EXTRACTXML, 7.47

FIRST, 7.48

FIRST_VALUE, 7.49

< dd class="l2ix">FLOOR, 7.50

FROM_TZ, 7.51

GREATEST, 7.52

GROUP_ID, 7.53

GROUPING, 7.54

GROUPING_ID, 7.55

HEXTORAW, 7.56

INITCAP, 7.57

INSTR, 7.58

INSTR2, 7.58

INSTR4, 7.58

INSTRB, 7.58< /dd>

INSTRC, 7.58

ITERATION_NUMBER, 7.59

LAG, 7.60

LAST, 7.61

LAST_DAY, 7.62

LAST_VALUE, 7.63

LEAD, 7.64

LEAST, 7.65

LENGTH, 7.66

LENGTH2, 7.66

LENGTH4, 7.66

LENGTHB, 7.66< /a>

LENGTHC, 7.66

linear regression, 7.117

LN, 7.67

LNNVL, 7.68

LOCALTIMESTAMP, 7.6 9

LOG, 7.70

LOWER, 7.71

LPAD, 7.72

LTRIM, 7.73

MAKE_REF, 7.74

MAX, 7.75

MEDIAN, 7.76

MIN, 7.77

MOD, 7.78

model, 7.1.5

MONTHS_BETWEEN , 7.79

NANVL, 7.80

NCHR, 7.81

NEW_TIME, 7.82

NEXT_DAY, 7.83

NLS_CHARSET_DECL_LE N, 7.84

NLS_CHARSET_ID, 7.85

NLS_CHARSET_NAME, 7.86

NLS_INITCAP, 7.87

NLS_LOWER, 7.88

NLS_UPPER, 7.90

NLSSORT, 7.89

NLV2, 7.96

NTILE, 7.91

NULLIF, 7.92

number , 7.1.1.1

NUMTODSINTERVAL, 7.93

NUMTOYMINTERVAL, 7.94

NVL, 7.95

object reference, 7.1.4

ORA_HASH, 7.97

PERCENT_RANK, 7.99

PERCENTILE_CONT, 7.100

PERCENTI LE_DISC, 7$101

POWER, 7.102

POWERMULTISET, 7.103

POWERMULTISET_BY_CARDINAL ITY, 7.104

PRESENTNNV, 7.105

PRESENTV, 7.106

PREVIOUS, 7.107

RANK, 7.108

RATIO_ TO_REPORT, 7.109

RAWTOHEX, 7.11 0

RAWTONHEX, 7.111

REF, 7.112

REFTOHEX, 7.113

RE GR_AVGX, 7.117

REGR_AVGY, 7.117

REGR_COUNT, 7.117

REGR_INTERCEPT, 7.117

REGR_R2, 7.117

REGR_SLOPE, 7.117

REGR_SXX, 7.117

REGR_SXY, 7.117

REGR_SYY, 7.117

REMAINDER, 7.118

REPLACE, 7.119

ROUND (date), 7.121

ROUND (number), 7.120

ROW_N UMBER, 7.122

ROWIDTOCHAR, 7.123

ROWIDTONCHAR, 7.124

RPAD, 7.125

RTRIM, 7.126

SE SSIONTIMEZONE, 7.128

SET, 7.129

SIGN, 7.130

SIN, 7.131

single-row, 7.1.1

miscellaneous, 7.1.1.7

SINH, 7.132

SOUNDEX, 7.133

SQRT, 7.134

STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST, 7.135

STATS_CROSSTAB, 7.136

STATS_F_TE ST, 7.137

STATS_KS_TEST, 7.138< /a>

STATS_MODE, 7.139

STATS_MW_TEST, 7.140

STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA, 7.141

STATS_T_TEST_INDEP, 7.142, 7.142.3< /a>

STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU, 7.142, 7.142.3

STATS_T_TEST_ONE, 7.142, 7.142.1

STATS_T_TEST_PAIRED, 7.142, 7.142.2

STATS_WSR_TEST, 7.143

STDDEV, 7.144

STDDEV_POP, 7. 145

STDDEV_SAMP, 7.146

SUBSTR, 7.147

SUBSTR2, 7.147

SUBSTR4, 7.147

SUBSTRB, 7.1 47

SUBSTRC, 7.147

SUM, 7.148

SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH, 7.149

SYS_CONTEXT, 7.150

SYS_DBURIGEN, 7.151

SYS_EXTRACT_UTC, 7.152

SYS_ GUID, 7.153

SYS_TYPEID, 7.154

SYS_XMLAGG, 7.155

SYS_XMLGEN, 7.156

SYSDATE, 7.157

SYSTIMESTAMP, 7.158

TAN, 7.15 9

TANH, 7.160

TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN, 7.161

TO_BINARY_DOUBLE, 7.162

TO_BINARY_FLOAT, 7.163

TO_CHAR (character), 7.164

TO_CHAR (datetime), 7.165

< dd class="l2ix">TO_CHAR (number), 7.166

TO_CLOB, 7.167

TO_DATE, 7.168

TO_D SINTERVAL, 7.169

TO_LOB, 7.170< /a>

TO_MULTI_BYTE, 7.171

TO_NCHAR (character), 7.172

TO_NCHAR (datetime), 7.17 3

TO_NCHAR (number), 7.174

TO_NCLOB, 7.175

TO_NUMBER, 7.176

TO_SINGLE_BYTE, 7.177

TO_TIMESTAMP, 7.178

TO_YMINTERVAL, 7.180

TRANSLATE, 7.181

TRANSLATE...USING, 7.182

TREAT, 7.183

TRIM, 7.184

TRUNC (date), 7.186

TRUNC (number), 7.185

t-test, 7.142

TZ_OFFSET, 7.187

UID, 7.188

UNISTR, 7.189

UPDATEXML, 7.190

UPPER, 7.191

USER, 7.192

USERENV, 7.193

VALUE, 7.194

V AR_POP, 7.195

VAR_SAMP, 7.196

VARIANCE, 7.197

VSIZE, 7.198

WIDTH_BUCKET, 7.199

XMLAGG, 7.200

XMLCONCAT, 7.202< /a>

SQL statements

auditing

by access, 13

by proxy, 13

by session, 13

by use r, 13

stopping, 18

successful, 13

DDL, 10.1.1

determining the execution plan for, 18

DML, 10.1.2

organization of, 10.2

rolling back, 18

session control, 10.1.4

space allocation, resumab le, 11

suspending and completing, 11

system control, 10.1.5

track ing the occurrence in a session, 13

transaction control, 10.1.3

type of, 10.1

undoing, 18

SQL*Loader inserts, logging, 10.2

SQL:99 standards, 1.2

SQL_TRACE initialization parameter, 11

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SQL92_SECURIT Y initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SQLData Java storage format, 17

SQL/DS datatypes, 2.1.2

conversi on to Oracle datatypes, 2.1.2

restrictions on, 2.1.2

SQLJ object types

creating , 17

mapping a Java class to, 17

SQLTUNE_CATEGORY initialization parameter

se tting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

SQRT function, 7.134

standalone procedures

dropping, 17

standard SQL, B

Oracle extensions to, B.1.9

standby database

recovering, 10.2

standby databases

activating, 10.2

applying archive logs, 10. 2

committing to primary status, 10.2

con trolling use, 10.2

designing media recovery, 10.2

mounting, 10.2

recovering, 10.2, 10.2

STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

STAR_TRANSFORMATION_ENABLED initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYST EM, 11

START LOGICAL STANDBY APPLY clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

S TART WITH clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 11

of queries and subqueries, 19

of SELECT and subqueries, 19

START WITH parameter

of CREATE SEQUENCE, 15

STARTUP event

triggers on, 16

startup_clauses

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

STATIC clause

of ALTER TYPE, 13

of CREATE TYPE, 17

statistics

collection during index rebuild, 10.2

computing exactly, 13

deleting from the data dictionary, 13

estimating, < a href="statements_4005.htm#sthref4265">13

forcing disassociation, 17

on index usage, 10.2

on indexes, 14

on scalar object attributes

collecting, 13

on schema objects

collecting, 13

deleting, 13

user-defined

droppin g, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18

statistics types

associating

with columns, 13

associating with datatypes, 13, 13

associating with domain indexes, 13, 13

associating with functions, 13, 13

associating with indextypes, 13, 13

associating with packages, 13, 13

disassociating

from columns, 17

from domain indexes, 17

from functions, 17

from indextypes, 17

from packages, 17

from types, 17

STATISTICS_LEVEL initiali zation parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11< /a>

STATS_BINOMIAL_TEST function, 7.135

STATS_CROSSTAB function, 7.136

STATS_F_TEST function, 7.137

STATS_KS_TEST function, 7.138

STATS_MODE function, 7.139

STATS_MW_TEST function, 7.140

STATS_ONE_WAY_ANOVA function, 7.141

STATS_T_TEST_INDEP function, 7.142, 7.142.3

STATS_T_TEST_INDEPU function, 7.142, 7.142.3

STATS_T_TEST_ONE function, 7.142, 7.142.1

STATS_T_TEST_PAIRED function, 7.142, 7.142.2

STATS_WSR_TEST function, 7.143

STDDEV function, 7.144< /dd>

STDDEV_POP function, 7.145

STDDEV_SAMP function , 7.146

STOP LOGICAL STANDBY clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

STORAGE clause

of ALTER CLUSTER, 10.2

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG. See CREATE TABLE

of CREATE TABLE, 8, 16

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

storage parameters

default, changing, 12

resetting, 19

STORE IN clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 16

stored fun ctions, 14

STREAMS_POOL_SIZE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

string literals. See text literals.

strings

conver ting to ASCII values, 7.6

converting to unicode, 7.21

Structured Query Language (SQL)

description, 1.2.1

functions, 7.1< /a>

keywords, A.1.1

Oracle Tools support of, 1.7

parameters, A.1.1

standards, 1.2, B

state ments

determining the cost of, 18

syntax, 10.2, A.1

SUBMULTISET condition, 6.19

SUBPARTITION B Y HASH clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

SUBPARTITION BY LIST clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

SUBPARTITION clause

of ANALYZE, 13

of DELETE, 17

of INSERT, 18

of LOCK TABLE, 18

of UPDATE, 19

subpartition template

cre ating, 12

replacing, 12

subpartition-extended table names

in DML statements, 2.9.4

restrictions on, 2.9. 4

syntax, 2.9.4

subpartitions

adding, 12

adding rows to, 18

allocating extents for, 12, 12

coalescing, 12, 12

converting into nonpartitioned tables, 12

creating, 16

creating a template for, 12, 16

deallocating unused space from, 12, 12

exchanging with tables, 12

hash , 16

inserting rows into, 18

list, 16

list, adding, 12

locking, 18

logging insert operations, 12

moving to a different segment, 12

physical attributes

changing, 12

removing rows from, 12, 17

renaming, 12

revising values in, 19

specifying, 16

template, creating, 16

template, dropping, 12

tem plate, replacing, 12

subqueries, 9.1, 9.7, 19, 19

assigning names to, 19

containing subqueries, 9.7

correlat ed, 9.7

defined, 9.1

extended subquery unnesting, 9.8

factoring of, 19

inline views, 9.7

nested, 9.7

of past data, 19

scalar, 5.10

used as expressions, 5.10

to insert table data, 16

unnesting, 9.8

using in place of expressions, 5.10

SUBSTR function, < a href="functions147.htm#sthref1788">7.147

SUBSTR2 function, 7.147

SUBSTR4 function, 7.147

SUBSTRB function, 7.147

SUBSTRC function, 7.147< /dd>

subtotal values

deriving, 19

subtypes, 13

dropping safely, 18

SUM function, 7.148

supertypes, 13

supplemental logging

identification key (full), 10.2

minimal, 10.2

SU SPEND clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< /dd>

sustained standby recovery mode, 10.2

SWITCH LOGFILE clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

synonyms

changing the definition of, 18

creating, 16

granting< /dd>

system privileges for, 18

local, 16

private, dropping, 18

public, 16

< dd class="l3ix">dropping, 18

remote, 16

removing from the database, 18

< dd class="l2ix">renaming, 18, 18

synonyms for, 16

syntax diagrams, A.1

loops, A.1.3

multipart diagrams, A.1.4

SYS schema< /dd>

database triggers stored in, 16

functions stored in, 16

SYS user

assigning password for, 14

SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH function, 7.149

SYS_CONTEXT function, 7.150

SYS_DBURIGEN function, 7.151

SYS_EXTRACT_UTC function, 7.152

SYS_GUID funct ion, 7.153

SYS_NC_ROWINFO$ column, 16, 17

SYS_TYPEID function, 7.154

SYS_XMLAGG function, 7.155

SYS_XMLGEN function, 7.156

SYSAUX clause

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

SYSAUX tablespa ce

creating, 14, 16

SYSDATE function, 7.157

SYSDBA system privilege, 18

SYSOPER system privilege, 18

system change numbers

obtaining, 3.6

system control statements, 10.1.5

PL/SQL support of, 10.1.5

system events

attributes of, 16

triggers on, 16

system global area

flushing, 11, 11

updating, 11

system privileges

ADMINISTER ANY SQL TUNING SE T, 18

ADMINISTER DATABASE TRIGGER, 18

ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET, 18

ADVISOR, 18

ALTER ANY CLUSTER, 18

ALTER ANY DIMENSION, 18

ALTE R ANY INDEX, 18

ALTER ANY INDEXTYPE, 18

ALTER ANY MATERIALIZED VIEW, 18

ALTER ANY OPERATOR, 18

ALTER ANY OUTLINE, 18

ALTER ANY PROCEDURE, 18

ALTER ANY ROLE, 18

ALTER ANY SEQUENCE, 18

ALTER ANY SQL PROFILE, 18

ALTER ANY TABLE, 18

ALTER ANY TRIGGER, 18

ALTER ANY TYPE, 18

ALTER DATABASE, 18

ALTER PROFILE, 18

ALTER RESOURCE COST, 18

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 18

ALTER SESSION, 18

ALTER SYSTEM, 18

ALTER TABLESPACE, 18

ALTER USER, 18

ANALYZE ANY, 18

AUDIT ANY, 18

AUDIT SYSTEM, 18< /dd>

BACKUP ANY TABLE, 18

COMMENT ANY TABLE, 18

CREATE ANY CLUSTER, 18

CREATE ANY CONTEXT, 18

CREATE ANY DIMENSION , 18

CREATE ANY DIRECTORY, 18

CREATE ANY INDEX, 18

CREATE ANY IND EXTYPE, 18

CREATE ANY JOB, 18

CREATE ANY LIBRARY, 18

CREATE ANY M ATERIALIZED VIEW, 18

CREATE ANY OPERATOR, 18

CREATE ANY OUTLINE, 18

CREATE ANY PROCEDURE, 18

CREATE ANY SEQUENCE, 18

CREATE ANY SQL PROFILE, 18, 18

CREATE ANY SYNONYM, 18

CREATE ANY TABLE, 18

CREATE ANY TRIGGER, 18

CREATE ANY TYPE, 18

CREATE ANY VIEW, 18

CREATE CLUSTER, 18

CREATE DATABASE LINK, 18

CREATE DIMENSION, 18

CREATE INDEXTYPE, 18

CREATE JOB, 18

CREATE LIBRARY, 18

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 18

CREATE OPERATOR, 18

CREATE PROCEDURE, 18

CREATE PROFILE, 18

CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK, 18

CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM, 18

CREATE ROLE, 18

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 18

CREATE SEQUENCE, 18

CREATE SESSION, 18

CREATE SYNONYM, 18

CREATE TABLE, 18

CREATE TABLESPACE, 18

CREATE TRIGGER, 18

CREATE TYPE, 18

CREATE USER, 18

CREATE VIEW, 18

DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE, 18

DELETE ANY TABLE, 18

DROP ANY CLUSTER, 18

DROP ANY CONTEXT, 18

DROP ANY DIMENSION, 18

DROP ANY DIRECTORY, 18

DRO P ANY INDEX, 18

DROP ANY INDEXTYPE, 18

DROP ANY LIBRARY, 18

DROP ANY MATERIALIZED VEIW, 18

DROP ANY OPERATOR, 18

DROP ANY OUTLINE, 18

DROP ANY PROCEDURE, 18

DROP ANY ROLE, 18

DROP ANY SEQUENCE, 18

DROP ANY SYNONYM, 18

DROP ANY TABLE, 18

DROP ANY TRIGGER, 18

DR OP ANY TYPE, 18

DROP ANY VIEW, 18

DROP PROFILE, 18

DROP PUBLIC DA TABASE LINK, 18

DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM, 18

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT, 18

DROP TABLESPACE, 18

DROP USER, 18

EXECUTE ANY CLASS, 18

EXECUTE ANY INDEXTYPE, 18

EXECUTE ANY OPERATOR, 18

EXECUTE ANY PROCEDURE, 18

EXECUTE ANY PROGRAM, 18

EXECUTE ANY TYPE, 18

EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY, 18

FLASHBACK ANY TABLE, 18, 18, 18

for job scheduler tasks, 18

for the Advisor framework, 18

FORCE ANY TRANSACTION, 18

FORCE TRANSACTION, 18

GLOBAL QUERY REWRITE, 18

G RANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE, 18

GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE, 18

GRANT ANY ROLE, 18

granting, 15, 18

to a role, 18

to a user, 18

to PUBLIC, 18

INSERT ANY TABLE, 18

list of, 18

LOCK ANY TABLE, 18

MANAGE SCHEDULER, 18

MANAGE TABLESPACE, 18

ON COMMIT REFRESH, 18

QUERY REWRITE, 18

RESTRICTED SESSION, 18, 18

RESUMABLE, 18

revoking, 18

from a role, 18

from a user, 18

from PUBLIC, 18

SELECT ANY DICTIONARY, 18

SELECT ANY SEQUENCE, 18

SELECT ANY TABLE, 18

SYSDBA, 18

SYSOPER, 18

UNDER ANY TYPE, 18

UNDER ANY VIEW , 18

UNLIMITED TABLESPACE, 18

UPDATE ANY TABLE, 18

SYST EM tablespace

locally managed, 14

SYSTEM user

assigning password for, 14

SYSTIMESTAMP function, 7.158

< a id="T" name="T">

---

T

table

XMLType, querying, 16

TABLE clause

of ANALYZE, 13

of INSERT, 18

of SELECT, 19, 19

of TRUNCATE, 19

of UPDATE, 19, 19

table compression, 11, 12, 15, 16

table functions

creating, 14

table locks

disabling, 12

duration of, 18

enabling, 12

EXCLUSIVE, 1 8, 18

modes of, 18

on partitions, 18

on remote database, 18

on subpartitions, 18

ROW EXCLUSIVE, 18, 18< /dd>

ROW SHARE, 18, 18

SHARE, 18

SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE, 18

SHARE UPDATE, 18

and queries, 18

table partitions

compression of, 12, 16

table REF constraints, 8

< dd class="l2ix">of CREATE TABLE, 16

tables

adding rows to, 18

aliases, 2.9.5

in CREATE INDEX, 14

in DELETE, 17

allocating extents for, 12

assigning to a cluster, 16

changing degree of parallelism on, 1 2

changing existing values in, 19

colle cting statistics on, 13

comments on, 13

compression of, 12, 16

creating, 16

multiple, 15

creating comments about, 13

data stored outside database, 16

deallocating unused space from, 12

default physical attributes

changing, 12

degree of parallelism

specifying, 16

disassociating statistics types from, 18

dropping

along with cluster, 17

along with owner, 18

in dexes of, 18

partitions of, 18

external, 16

creating, 16

restrictions on, 16

externally organized, 16

flashing back to an earlier version, 18

granting

system privileges for, 18

heap organized, 16

index-organized, 16

overflow segment for, 16

space in index block, 16

inserting rows with a subquery, 16

inserting using the direct- path method, 18

joining in a query, 19

LOB storage of, 8

locking, 18

logging

insert operat ions, 12

table creation, 16

migrated and chained rows in, 13

moving, 12

moving to a new segment, 12

moving, index-organized, 12

nested

creating, 17

storage characteristics, 16

object

creating, 16

object, quer ying, 16

of XMLType, creating, 16

organization, defining, 16

para llel creation of, 16

parallelism

setting default degree, 16

partition attribu tes of, 12

partitioning, 2 .9.4, 16, 16

allowing rows to move between partitions, 12

de fault attributes of, 12

physical attributes

changing, 12

purging fr om the recycle bin, 18

relational

creating, 16

remote, accessing, 14

removing from the database, 18

removing rows from, 17

renaming, 12, 18

restricting

< dl class="l3ix">

records in a block, 12

retrieving data from, 19

saving blocks in a cache, 16

SQL examples, 16

storage attributes

defining, 16

storage characteristics

defining, 8

storage properties, 16

storage properties of, 16

subpartition attributes of, 12

synonyms for, 16

tablespace for

defining, 16, 16

temporary

duration of data, 16

session-specific, 16

transaction specific, 16

unclustering, 17

updating through views, 17

validating structure, 13

with unusable indexes, 11

TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD, 10.2

of CREATE CLUSTER, 14

of CREATE INDEX, 14

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 1 5

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

of CREATE TABLE, 16

tablespaces, 12

allocating space for users, 17

allowing write operations on, 12

automatic segment-space management, 16

backing up datafiles, 12

bigfile, 16

< dl class="l3ix">

database default, 14

default tem porary, 14

resizing, 12

undo, 14

bringing online, 12, 16

coalescing free ext ents, 12

converting

f rom permanent to temporary, 12

from temporary to permanent, 12

creating, 16

datafiles

adding, 12

renaming, 12

default, 10.2

specifying for a user, 13

default permanent, 14

default temporary, 10.2

learning na me of, 10.2

designing media recovery, 10.2

dropping contents, 18

ending online backup, 12

extent size, 16

granting system privileges for, 18

in FLASHBACK mode, 12, 16< /a>

in FORCE LOGGING mode, 12, 16

locally managed, 8

altering, 12

logging attribute, 12, 16

managing extents of, 16

read only, 12

reconstructing lost or damaged, 10.2, 10 .2

recovering, 10.2, 10.2

removing from the database, 18

rena ming, 12

size of free extents in, 12

smallfile, 16

database default, 14

default temporary, 14

undo, 14

specifying

datafiles for, 16

for a table, 16

for a user, 17

for index rebuild, 12

taking offline, 12, 16

tempfiles

adding, 12

temporary

specifying for a user, 13, 17

temporary, creating, 16

temporary, defining for the database, 14

undo

altering, 1 2

creating, 14, 16

dropping, 18

TAN funct ion, 7.159

TANH function, 7.160

TAPE_ASYNCH_IO initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SY STEM, 11

TEMPFILE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2, 10.2

tempfiles

bringing online, 10.2

defining for a tablespace, 16, 16, 16

defining for the database, 14

disabling autoextend, 10.2

dropping, 10.2

enabling autoextend, 8, 10.2

extending automat ically, 8

renaming, 10.2

resizing, 10.2

reusing, 8

size of, 8

specifying, 8, 8

taking offline, 10.2

TEMPORARY clause

of A LTER TABLESPACE, 12

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

temporary tables

creating, 16, 16

session-specific, < a href="statements_7002.htm#sthref5486">16

transaction-specific, 1 6

TEMPORARY TABLESPACE clause

of ALTER USER, 13

of ALTER USER. See CREATE USER

of CREAT E USER, 17

temporary tablespace groups

reassigning for a user, 13

specifying for a user, 17

temporary tablespaces

creating, 16

default, 10.2

specifying extent management during database creation, 14

specifying for a user, 13, 17

TEST clause

of ALTER DA TABASE ... RECOVER, 10.2

testing for a set, 6.11

text

date and number formats, < a href="sql_elements004.htm#sthref405">2.4

literals in SQL syntax, 2.3.1

properties of CHAR and VARCHAR2 datatypes, 2.3.1

syntax of, 2.3.1

text literals in SQL synta x, 2.3.1

TH datetime format element suffix, 2.4.2.5

THREAD initialization parameter

setti ng with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

THSP datetime format element su ffix, 2.4.2.5

TIME datatype

DB2, 2.1.2, 2.1.2

SQL/DS, 2.1.2, 2.1.2

time format models

short, 2.4.1.1, 2.4.2.1.2

time zone

determining for session, 7.128

formatting, 2.4.2.1.2

setting for the database, 14

time zones

converting data to particular, 5.6

TIME_ZONE session parameter, 11

TIMED_OS_STATISTICS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

TIMED_STATISTICS initialization paramet er

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< /dd>

timestamp

converting to local time zone, 5.6

TIMESTAMP datatype, 2.1.1.10

< dd>

DB2, 2.1.2, 2.1.2

SQL/DS, 2.1.2, 2.1.2

TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatype, 2.1.1.12

TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE datatype, 2.1.1.11

TIMESTAMP_TO_SCN function, 7.161

TO SAVEPOINT clause

of ROLLBACK, 18

TO_BINARY _DOUBLE function, 7.162

TO_BINARY_FLOAT function, 7.163

TO_CHAR

datetime conversion function, 7.165

number conversion function, 7.166

TO_CHAR (character) function, 7.164

TO_CHAR function, 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.4.3

TO_CLOB function, 7.167

TO_DATE function, 2.4.2, 2.4.2.4, 2.4.3, 7.168

TO_DSINTERVAL function, 7.169

TO_LOB function, 7.170

TO_MULTI_BYTE function, 7.171

TO_NCHAR (character) function, 7.172

TO_NCHAR (datetime) function, 7.173

TO_NCHAR (number) function, 7.174

TO_NCLOB function, 7.175

TO_NUMBER function, 2.4.1, 7.176

TO_SINGLE_BYTE function, 7.177

TO_TIMESTAMP function, 7.178

TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ function

SQL functions

TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ, 7.179

TO_YMINTERVAL function, 7.180

top- N reporting, 3.8, 7.38, 7.108, 7.122

TRACE_ENABLED initialization paramet er

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< /dd>

TRACEFILE_IDENTIFIER initialization parameter

setting with ALTER S YSTEM, 11

transaction control statements, 10.1.3

PL/SQL support of, 10.1.3

transactions

allowing to complete, 11

assigning

rollback segment to, 19

automatically committing, 13

changes, making permanent, 13

commenting on, 13

distributed, forcing, 11

ending, 13

implicit commit of, 10.1.1, 10.1.2, 10.1.4, 10.1.5

in- doubt

committing, 13

forcing, 13

resolving, 1 9

isolation level, 19

locks, releasing, 13

naming, 19

read-only, 19

read/write, 19

rolling back, 11, 18

to a savepoint, 18

savepoints for, 19

TRANSACTIONS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

TRANSLATE ... USING function, 7.182

TRANSLATE function, 7.181

TREAT function, 7.183

triggers

AFTER, 16

BEFORE, 16

compiling, 13, 13

creating, 16

multiple, 16

database

altering, 13< /dd>

dropping, 18, 18

disabling, 12, 13

enabling, 12, 13, 13, 16

executing

with a PL/SQL block, 16

w ith an external procedure, 16

granting

system privileges for, 18

IN STEAD OF, 16

dropping, 17

on database events, 16

on DDL events, 16

on DML operations, 16, 16

on views, 16

order of firing, 16

re-creating, 16

removing from the database, 18

renaming, 13

restrictions on, 16

row values

old and new, 16

row, specifying, 16

SQL examples, 16

statement, 16

TRIM function, 7.184

TRUNC function

date function, 7.186

format models, 7.207

number function, 7.185

TRUNCATE PARTITION clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

< dd class="l1ix">TRUNCATE statement, 19

TRUNCATE SUBPARTITION clau se

of ALTER TABLE, 12

TRUST attribute

of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17

type constructor expressions, 5.12

type methods

return type of, 1 7

types. See object types or datatypes

TZ_OFFSET function, 7.187

---

U

UID function, 7.188

unar y operators, 4.1.1

UNDER ANY TABLE system privilege, 18

UNDER ANY VIEW system privilege, 18

UNDER clause

of CREATE VIEW, 17

UNDER object privilege, 18

on a type, 18

on a view, 18

UNDER_PATH condition, 6.20< /a>

undo

rollback, 11 , 14

system managed, 11, 14

UNDO tablespace clause

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

undo tablespaces

creating, 14, 16

dropping, 18

modifying, 12

preserving unexpired data, 12, 16

UNDO_MANAGEMENT initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

UNDO_RETENTION init ialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11, 18

UNDO_TABLESPACE initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

< dd class="l1ix">UNIFORM clause

of CREATE TABLESPACE, 16

UNION ALL set operator, 4.5, 19

UNION set operator, 4.5, 19

UNIQUE clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14

of CREATE TABLE, 16

of SELECT, 19

unique constraint s

enabling, 16

index on, 16

unique elements of, 7.129

unique indexes, 14

unique queries, 19

UNISTR function, 7.189

universal rowids. See urowids

UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system privilege , 18

unnesting collections, 19

examples, 19

unnesting subqueries, 9.8

UNQUIESCE clause

of ALTER SYSTEM, 11

UNREC OVERABLE, 10.2, 16

See also NOLOGGING clause

unsorted indexes, 14

UNUSABLE clause

of ALTER INDEX, 10.2

UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

UPDATE ANY TABLE system privilege, 18

UPDATE BLOCK REFERENCES clause

of ALTER INDE X, 10.2, 10.2

UPDATE GLOBAL INDEXES clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

UPDATE object privilege, 18

on a table, 18

on a view, 18

update operations

colle cting supplemental log data for, 10.2

UPDATE SET clause< /dd>

of MERGE, 18

UPDATE statement, 19

triggers on, 16

updates

and si multaneous insert, 18

using MERGE, 18, 18

UPDATEXML function, 7.190

UPGRADE clause

of ALTER DATABASE, 10.2

of ALTER TABLE, 12< /a>

UPPER function, 7.191

URLs

< dd>

generating, 7.151

UR OWID datatype, 2.1.1.26

urowids

and foreign tables, 2.1.1.26

and index-organized tables, 2.1.1.26

description of, 2. 1.1.26

USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

USE_PRIVATE_OUTLINES session parameter, 11

USE_STORED_OUTLINES session parameter, 11, 11

USER function, 7.192

USER SYS clause

of CR EATE DATABASE, 14

USER SYSTEM clause

of CREATE DATABASE, 14

USER_CO L_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

USER_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

USER_INDEXTYPE_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

USER_MVIEW_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

USER_OPER ATOR_COMMENTS data dictionary view, 13

USER_TAB_COMMENTS data dict ionary view, 13

user-defined aggregate functions, 14

user-defined functions, 7.208

name precedence of, 7.208.2

nam ing conventions, 7.208.2.1

restrictions on, 14

user-defined operators, 4.7

user-defined statistics

dropping, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18

user-defined types, 2.1.3

defining, 17

mapping to Java classes, 17

USERENV function, 7.193

users

allocating space for, 17

and database links, 14

assigning

default roles, 13

profiles, 17

< /dd>

authenticating, 13

authenticating to a remot e server, 14

changing authentication, 13

changing global authentication, 13

creating, 17

default tablespaces, 17

default tablespaces for, 13

denying access to tables and views, 18

external, 15, 17

global, 15, 17

granting

system privileges for, 18

lo cal, 15, 17

locking a ccounts, 17

password expiration of, 17

removing from the database, 18

SQL examples, 17

temporary tablespaces for, 13, 17

USING BFILE clause

of CREATE JAVA, 14, 14

USING BLOB clause

of CREATE JAVA, 14

USING clause

of ALTER INDEXTYPE, 10.2

of ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, 13, 13

of CREATE DATABASE LINK, 14

of CREATE INDEXTYPE, 14

USING CLOB clause

of CREATE JAVA, 14

USING INDEX clause

of A LTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of ALTER TABLE, 12

of constraints, 8

of CRE ATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

of CREATE TABLE, 16

USING NO INDEX clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

USING ROLLBACK SEGMENT clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

UTC

extracting from a datetime value, 7.152

UTC offset

replacing with time zone region, 2.1.1.11

UTL_FILE_DIR initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

UTLCHN.SQL s cript, 13

UTLEXPT1.SQL script, 12

UTLXPLAN.SQL script, 18

---

V

VALIDATE clause

of DROP TYPE, 18

VAL IDATE REF UPDATE clause

of ANALYZE, 13

VALIDATE STRUCTURE clause

of ANALYZE, 13

validation

of clusters, 13

of database objects

offl ine, 13

of database objects, online, 13

of indexes, 13

of tables, 13

VALUE function, 7.194

VALUES clause

of CREATE INDEX, 14

of INSERT, 18

VALUES LESS THAN clause

of CREATE TABLE, 16

VAR_POP function, 7.195

VAR_SAMP function, 7.196

VARCHAR datatype, 2.1.1.5

VARCHAR2 datatype, 2.1.1.4

converting to NUMBER, 2.4.1

VARGRAPHIC datatype

DB2, 2.1.2, 2.1.2

SQL/DS, 2.1.2, 2.1.2

variable expressions, 5 .13

VARIANCE function, 7.197

VARRAY

LOB restriction, 2.1.1.18

VARRAY clause

of ALTER TABLE, 12

VARRAY column properties

of ALTER TABLE, 12, 12

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW, 15

of CREATE TABLE, 16, 16

varrays, 2.1. 3.3

changing returned value, 12

compared with nested tables, 2.2.6

comparison rules, 2.2.6

creating, 17, < a href="statements_8001.htm#sthref5853">17, 17

dropping the bo dy of, 18

dropping the specification of, 18

increasing size of, 13

modifying column properties, 12

storage characteristics, 12, 12, 1 6

storing out of line, 2.1.3.3

varying arrays. See varrays

view constraints

dropping, 18

views

base tables

adding rows, 18

changing

definition, 18

< dd class="l3ix">values in base tables, 19

creating

before base tables, 17

co mments about, 13

multiple, 15

creating object subviews, 17

defining, 17

dropping constraints on, 13

granting

system privileges for, 18

modifying constraints on, 13

object, creating, 17

recompiling, 13

re-creating, 17

remote, accessing, 14

removing

from the database, 18

rows from the base table of, 17

renaming, 18

retrieving data from, 19

subquery of, 17

restricting, 17

synonyms for, 16

updatable, 17

with joins

and key-preserved tables, 17

wit h joins, making updatable, 17

XMLType, 17

XMLType, creating, 17

X MLType, querying, 17

VSIZE function, 7.198

---

W

WHEN clause

of CREATE TRIGGER, 16

WHENEVER NOT SUCCESSFUL clause

o f NOAUDIT, 18

WHENEVER SUCCESSFUL clause

of AUDIT sql_statements, 13

of NOAUD IT, 18

WHERE clause

of DELETE, 17

of queries and subqueries, 19

of SELECT, 9.3

o f UPDATE, 19

WIDTH_BUCKET function, 7.199

WITH ADMIN OPTION clause

of GRANT, 18

WITH CHECK OPTION clause

of CREATE VIEW, 17, 17

of DELETE, 17

of INSERT, 18

of SELECT, 19

of UP DATE, 19

WITH GRANT OPTION clause

of GRANT, 18

WITH HIERARCHY OPTI ON

of GRANT, 18

WITH INDEX CONTEXT clause

of CREATE OPERATOR, 15

WITH OBJECT ID clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

WITH OBJECT IDENTIFIER clause

of CREATE VIEW, 17

WITH OBJECT OID. See WITH OBJECT IDENTIFIER.

WITH PRIMARY KEY clause

of ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW, 11

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 15

WITH query_name clause

of SELECT, 19

WITH READ ONLY clause

of CREATE VIEW, 17, 17

of DELETE, 17

of INSERT, 18

of SELECT, 19

of UPDATE, 19

WITH ROWID clause

of column ref constraints, 8

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW...REFRESH, 15

WITH SEQUENCE clause

of CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG, 15

WNDS at tribute

of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17

WNPS attribute

of PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES, 17

WORKAREA_SIZE_POLICY initialization parameter

setting with ALTER SYSTEM, 11

WRITE object privilege

on a directory, 18< /dd>

---

X

XML

examples, E.2

XML data

storage of, 16

XML database repository

SQL access to, 6.8, 6.20

XML documents

producing from XML fragments, 7.155

retrieving from the database, 7.151

XML format models, 2.4.5

XML fragments, 7.46

XMLAGG function, 7.200

XMLCONCAT function, 7.202

XMLDATA pseudocolumn, 3.9

XMLGenFormatType object, 2.4.5

XMLType c olumns

properties of, 12, 16

storage of, 16, 16

XMLType storage clause

of C REATE TABLE, 16

XMLType tables

creating, 16, 16

< dd class="l2ix">creating index on, 14

XMLType views, 17

querying, 17

---

Z

CREATE PACKAGE BODY statement, 15, 18